Genetic change and genetic accommodation allow singing insects to adapt to temperature change

遗传变化和遗传适应使唱歌昆虫能够适应温度变化

基本信息

批准号：
1656818
负责人：
Kasey Fowler-Finn
金额：
$ 48万
依托单位：
Saint Louis University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-03-15 至 2023-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1656818&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Genetic change genetic accommodation allow

项目摘要

Non-technical Abstract: Temperature affects all living organisms, from the speed of cellular processes to their behavior. However, little is known about how temperature influences animal reproduction and behavior, particularly in insects. Insects play critical roles in the health and welfare of human society from pollination of food crops, to nutrient cycling, and movement of diseases; understanding their responses to temperature variation is critical for understanding their impact on people. Because insects often live and mate within specific temperature ranges, daily and yearly changes in temperature could reduce mating activity at critical times; for example, during times when food is abundant. Furthermore, insect songs and behavior used to attract mates vary with temperature, thus increasing the difficulty of identifying potential mates. This project investigates these challenges in treehoppers. These insects create plant stem vibrations to communicate, a behavior very sensitive to changes in temperature. The project combines controlled laboratory experiments that manipulate temperature, detailed behavioral observations, and breeding outcomes to understand the role of genetics in insect responses to temperature changes. The results will allow for unprecedented tests of how insects deal with temperature, and the impact on population and species health and function. A creative broader impact of this work includes a collaboration with an artist to create sound installations that demonstrate how insect vibrational songs vary with temperature, paired with artist-scientist public talks. Additionally, this work provides training for students and a postdoctoral researcher with a strong focus on supporting diversity in STEM.Technical Abstract: This project explores two major reproductive challenges that ecothermic animals face under variable temperature conditions. First, mating often occurs only within critical temperature windows, and changes and fluctuations in temperature can restrict the availability of this window. Second, the signals males produce to attract females can vary dramatically with temperature, posing challenges to females attempting to identify mates, and even the potential to identify the right species. This project uses Enchenopa treehoppers, insects that communicate through songs that travel through plant stems. The main goals are to determine how populations along a latitudinal gradient have evolved in response to temperature variation, and to determine the potential for individual populations to adapt to temperature changes and fluctuations. To achieve these goals, this project will combine classic quantitative genetics breeding designs with controlled behavioral assays to measure phenotypic and genetic variation in thermally-sensitive reproductive traits. The results will allow insight into how current patterns of variation have been shaped by past selection, and identify thermally-sensitive traits that are most likely to allow the insects to adapt to temperature changes. This work provides independent and collaborative training for students and a postdoctoral scholar in a laboratory with a strong focus on supporting diversity in STEM. The team of researchers will work together with a sound artist, the Saint Louis Zoo, and a media expert to create two immersive sound installations, Insectarium exhibits, and online videos and resources that educate the public about vibrational songs, and how temperature affects behavior and reproduction in animals.

非技术摘要：温度影响所有生物体，从细胞过程的速度到它们的行为。然而，人们对温度如何影响动物的繁殖和行为（尤其是昆虫）知之甚少。昆虫在人类社会的健康和福祉中发挥着至关重要的作用，从粮食作物的授粉到养分循环和疾病的传播；了解它们对温度变化的反应对于了解它们对人类的影响至关重要。由于昆虫通常在特定的温度范围内生活和交配，每日和每年的温度变化可能会减少关键时刻的交配活动；例如，在食物充足的时候。此外，昆虫用于吸引交配的歌曲和行为会随着温度的变化而变化，从而增加了识别潜在交配对象的难度。该项目研究角蝉面临的这些挑战。这些昆虫通过植物茎的振动来进行交流，这种行为对温度的变化非常敏感。该项目结合了操纵温度的受控实验室实验、详细的行为观察和育种结果，以了解遗传学在昆虫对温度变化的反应中的作用。这些结果将有助于对昆虫如何应对温度及其对种群和物种健康和功能的影响进行前所未有的测试。这项工作的创造性更广泛影响包括与艺术家合作创作声音装置，展示昆虫振动歌曲如何随温度变化，并与艺术家-科学家公开演讲相结合。此外，这项工作还为学生和博士后研究员提供培训，重点关注支持 STEM 的多样性。技术摘要：该项目探讨了温温动物在可变温度条件下面临的两大生殖挑战。首先，交配通常只发生在临界温度窗口内，而温度的变化和波动会限制该窗口的可用性。其次，雄性为吸引雌性而产生的信号可能会随着温度的变化而发生巨大变化，这给试图识别配偶的雌性带来了挑战，甚至给识别正确物种的潜力带来了挑战。该项目使用了 Enchenopa 角蝉，这种昆虫通过穿过植物茎的歌曲进行交流。主要目标是确定沿纬度梯度的种群如何进化以响应温度变化，并确定个体种群适应温度变化和波动的潜力。为了实现这些目标，该项目将结合经典的定量遗传学育种设计与受控行为测定，以测量热敏感繁殖性状的表型和遗传变异。研究结果将有助于深入了解过去的选择如何塑造当前的变异模式，并确定最有可能让昆虫适应温度变化的热敏感特征。这项工作为实验室的学生和博士后学者提供独立和协作的培训，重点支持 STEM 的多样性。研究人员团队将与声音艺术家、圣路易斯动物园和媒体专家合作，创作两个沉浸式声音装置、昆虫馆展览以及在线视频和资源，教育公众了解振动歌曲以及温度如何影响行为和行为。动物的繁殖。