Estimating fluxes of CO2 and CH4 along the Siberian Yensei River

估算西伯利亚延塞河沿线的 CO2 和 CH4 通量

• 批准号: 1642851
• 负责人: Rainer Amon
• 金额: $ 4.95万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-06-15 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1642851&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Estimating; fluxes; CO2; CH4; along

The proposed work will explore the release of greenhouse gases from Arctic rivers to the atmosphere. The hypothesis of this work is that land-based organic carbon that gets flushed into rivers does not makes its way to the Arctic Ocean, where it could be deposited in the sediments. Rather, before reaching the Arctic Ocean, microbes decompose this organic carbon, resulting in a flux of CO2 and CH4, both greenhouse gases, from the rivers to the atmosphere. The larger concern is that as Arctic peatlands warm and thaw over this century, organic material that has built up over thousands of years in the frozen soils will become susceptible to transport to the rivers, processing, and then released to the atmosphere in the form of CO2 and CH4. Currently this is an under-explored research topic, partly because it is so difficult to directly measure the transfer of these greenhouse gases from the rivers to the atmosphere. The PIs of this project believe that they have developed the instrumentation to estimate these fluxes in a cheap and reasonable way. The PI intends to do this in a Russian watershed. As the cruise expenses will be paid by their Russian collaborators, the PIs are asking for a small amount of support funds to develop the instruments and for travel.This is a relatively small project and only includes for 1 month participation of a graduate student. However, the collaboration with foreign colleagues is viewed very positively. Moreover, Amon has a good track record with respect to BI and outreach. In previous work, Amon has trained several graduate students and exposed a number of undergraduate students to Arctic research. He has organized a data workshop with international participation including several graduate and undergraduate students at the TAMU international study center in Italy and initiated the ?science on the island? series to published short newspaper articles about these research projects in the Galveston County Daily News. The Program has no reason to believe that this commitment to active outreach and education will cease.The watersheds of the large Siberian rivers store significant amounts of organic carbon in soils and vegetation. However, the lateral transport of carbon from Arctic lands to the rivers, the in-stream processing of DOC, and the greenhouse gas evasion from the river networks has not been well determined. In the summer of 2015, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measured in the Yenesei by Amon and colleagues indicates large differences in upstream and downstream DOC during the freshet period, suggesting 1) significant in-transit losses of DOC and 2) that plant and litter carbon is the predominant source of DOC exported to the Arctic Ocean. The proposed project will measure the concentration and isotopic composition of CO2 and CH4 in surface waters and air, which, together with other measurements, will permit the determination of air/water gas exchange. This award will allow the PIs to take advantage of an offer to participate in a cruise of opportunity on a 2000 km stretch of the Yenisei River in the summer 2016.

拟议的工作将探索从北极河流到大气的温室气体的释放。 这项工作的假设是，被冲入河流的陆基有机碳并不能进入北极海洋，在那里它可以沉积在沉积物中。 相反，在到达北极海洋之前，微生物将这种有机碳分解，从而导致二氧化碳和CH4的通量，两种温室气体，从河流到大气。 更大的关注点是，随着北极泥炭地在本世纪的温暖和融化，在冰冻土壤中建立了数千年的有机材料将容易运输到河流，加工，然后以二氧化碳和CH4的形式释放到大气中。 目前，这是一个不足的研究主题，部分原因是很难直接测量这些温室气体从河流到大气的转移。 该项目的PI相信他们已经开发了以便宜且合理的方式估算这些通量的工具。 PI打算在俄罗斯分水岭中这样做。 由于其俄罗斯合作者将支付巡航费用，因此PIS要求提供少量的支持资金来开发工具和旅行。这是一个相对较小的项目，仅包括研究生的1个月。 但是，与外国同事的合作非常积极。此外，Amon在BI和外展方面有良好的记录。 在先前的工作中，Amon培训了几名研究生，并将许多本科生暴露于北极研究。 他组织了一个国际参与的数据研讨会，包括意大利TAMU国际学习中心的几名研究生和本科生，并在岛上发起了科学？系列发表了有关加尔维斯顿县每日新闻中有关这些研究项目的简短报纸文章。 该计划没有理由相信这种积极的外展和教育的承诺将停止。大型西伯利亚河流的分水岭存储了土壤和植被中大量有机碳。 但是，从北极土地到河流，DOC的河流加工以及从河网络中的温室气体逃避的横向运输尚未得到很好的确定。 2015年夏天，Amon及其同事在Yenesei中测量的溶解有机碳（DOC）表明，在新鲜的时期，上游和下游DOC的差异很大，这表明1）植物和垃圾碳是出口到殖民地的主要来源。拟议的项目将测量地表水和空气中二氧化碳和CH4的浓度和同位素组成，并允许确定空气/水气体交换。 该奖项将使PI在2016年夏季在2000公里的Yenisei河上参加机会，利用要约参加机会。