Collaborative Research: The 2015 Taan Fiord landslide tsunami: An interdisciplinary study of cause & effect

合作研究：2015 年塔安峡湾山体滑坡海啸：原因的跨学科研究

• 批准号: 1639643
• 负责人: Colin Stark
• 金额: $ 12.08万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-05-15 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1639643&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; 2015; Taan; Fiord

As glaciers retreat, the ice pressing up against their valley walls disappears. These rock walls then become unstable and can collapse in catastrophic landslides. In Alaska, where this phenomenon is increasingly common, landslides sometimes fall directly into the ocean and trigger a tsunami. This is what happened in October 2015 in the Taan Fiord: the largest rock avalanche in America in decades plunged 150 million tons of debris into the head of the fiord, producing a wave of water that ran 150m up the opposite bank and scoured the forested flanks of the fiord for at least 12km. The goal of the project is to collect observations of this Taan landslide and tsunami, and to deliver a benchmark dataset to the science and engineering communities so that they can better prepare for future disasters.The project will combine satellite images, field observations and ship-based mapping to constrain the dynamics of the landslide and tsunami, including the mass and velocity of debris when it struck the water, the magnitude of tsunami wave generation and its pattern of motion, and the submarine flow of debris and its deposition. Data collection will take place in the summer of 2016 and will be delivered to the community by the winter.

当冰川退缩时，压在山谷壁上的冰就会消失。这些岩壁随后变得不稳定，并可能在灾难性山体滑坡中倒塌。在阿拉斯加，这种现象越来越普遍，山体滑坡有时会直接落入海洋并引发海啸。这就是 2015 年 10 月在塔安峡湾发生的事情：美国数十年来最大的岩崩将 1.5 亿吨碎片投入峡湾顶部，产生的水浪冲上对岸 150m，冲刷了森林覆盖的侧翼峡湾至少 12 公里。该项目的目标是收集这次塔安山体滑坡和海啸的观测结果，并向科学和工程界提供基准数据集，以便他们能够更好地为未来的灾难做好准备。该项目将结合卫星图像、实地观测和船舶观测。基于绘图来限制滑坡和海啸的动态，包括碎片撞击水面时的质量和速度、海啸波产生的强度及其运动模式，以及碎片的海底流及其沉积。数据收集将于 2016 年夏季进行，并将于冬季交付给社区。