LTER: The Ecology of Row Crop Ecosystems and Landscapes at the KBS LTER Site

LTER：KBS LTER 站点的中耕作物生态系统和景观的生态学

• 批准号: 1637653
• 负责人: Stephen Hamilton
• 金额: $ 225.4万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-01 至 2019-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1637653&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; Ecology; Row; Crop; Ecosystems

Agriculture is the dominant land use under direct management by people, and it is one of the biggest agents of global change, with far-reaching impacts on human welfare and the environment. The application of ecological knowledge to improve sustainable agricultural ecosystems remains a recognized grand challenge for environmental science. Since 1988, research at the W.K. Kellogg Biological Station (KBS) LTER has addressed this challenge for row-crop ecosystems and landscapes, by seeking to understand the fundamental ecological underpinnings of these highly managed ecosystems and to reveal ways that ecological knowledge can enhance the long-term sustainability of production agriculture. This renewal award builds on past work to launch an effort to better understand the long-term stability of key ecosystem services afforded by agriculture, with an emphasis on three major drivers: climate change, changes in the science of land management for crop production, and invasive species. Proposed research bears directly on agricultural and environmental management and policies at scales ranging from local to global. The study of agricultural systems also informs ecology because few other ecosystems have such a degree of simplification and control of major environmental drivers. Training graduate students and postdocs is an important component of this project, as is providing research experiences for undergraduates. KBS scientists also will continue to work with K-12 science teachers through an established partnership with 11 nearby school districts. Outreach and extension activities will reach a broad community of stakeholders, and will include a new emphasis on farmers and those who influence farmer decisions.The major scientific foci of the KBS LTER are vulnerability and resilience of cropping systems to drivers of change, and how ecological theory can help design more sustainable crop production. Two overarching questions motivate the research: 1) How do changing environmental drivers affect the resilience of key ecosystem services including crop yield and profitability as well as environmental and socioecological benefits, and 2) To what extent can ecological knowledge help maintain the robust and reliable delivery of these services? Key ecosystem services include crop yield but also extend more broadly to climate stabilization (greenhouse gas emissions), water quality (eutrophication), pest suppression (insect herbivory and predation), and soil fertility (plant-microbe-soil interactions). Knowledge gaps identified from research to date will be addressed with new research lines that include rainfall manipulation experiments, watershed observations, and examinations of rapid evolution of plant-microorganism associations, predator-prey dynamics newly influenced by invasive species and novel pesticides, and long-term changes in farmer attitudes and behaviors.

农业是人们直接管理下的主要土地使用，它是全球变化的最大推动者之一，对人类福利和环境产生了深远的影响。生态知识在改善可持续农业生态系统上的应用仍然是环保科学的公认巨大挑战。 自1988年以来，W.K.的研究Kellogg生物站（KBS）LTER通过寻求了解这些高度管理的生态系统的基本生态基础，解决了对行行生态系统和景观的这一挑战，并揭示生态知识可以增强生产农业的长期可持续性的方式。这项更新奖是基于过去的工作，旨在更好地了解农业提供的关键生态系统服务的长期稳定性，重点是三个主要驱动因素：气候变化，土地管理科学的作物生产科学变化以及入侵物种。 拟议的研究直接对农业和环境管理以及从本地到全球的规模的政策进行。对农业系统的研究也为生态学提供了信息，因为很少其他生态系统对主要环境驱动因素具有如此程度的简化和控制。 培训研究生和博士后是该项目的重要组成部分，为大学生提供研究经验。 KBS科学家还将通过与附近的11个学区建立合作伙伴关系继续与K-12科学教师合作。外展和推广活动将涉及广泛的利益相关者社区，并将包括对农民和影响农民决定的新强调。KBS -lter的主要科学焦点是作物系统对变革驱动因素的脆弱性和韧性，以及生态学理论如何帮助设计更多可持续的作物生产。 两个总体问题激发了研究：1）不断变化的环境驱动因素如何影响关键生态系统服务的韧性，包括作物产量和盈利能力以及环境和社会生态益处，以及2）生态知识在多大程度上可以帮助维持这些服务的强大和可靠的交付？ 关键的生态系统服务包括农作物产量，但也更广泛地扩展到气候稳定（温室气体排放），水质（富营养化），害虫抑制（昆虫的草食和捕食）以及土壤生育能力（植物 - 菌群 - 土壤相互作用）。 从研究到迄今为止确定的知识差距将通过新的研究线来解决，其中包括降雨操纵实验，分水岭观察结果以及植物微生物关联的快速演变的检查，捕食者捕食者的动力学新兴的动态受到入侵性和新型农药以及农民的长期变化的影响，而农民的长期变化。

项目成果

Influence of Pore Characteristics on the Fate and Distribution of Newly Added Carbon

• DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2018.00051
• 发表时间: 2018-06
• 期刊: Frontiers in Environmental Science
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: M. Quigley;W. Negassa;A. Guber;M. Rivers;A. Kravchenko

Pore characteristics regulate priming and fate of carbon from plant residue

• DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.06.014
• 发表时间: 2017-10
• 期刊: Soil Biology & Biochemistry
• 影响因子: 9.7
• 作者: E. R. Toosi;A. Kravchenko;A. Guber;M. Rivers

Research trends in ecosystem services provided by insects

• DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2017.09.006
• 发表时间: 2018-02-01
• 期刊: BASIC AND APPLIED ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Noriega, Jorge Ari;Hortal, Joaquin;Santos, Ana M. C.
• 通讯作者: Santos, Ana M. C.

Carbon debt of field-scale conservation reserve program grasslands converted to annual and perennial bioenergy crops

• DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aafc10
• 发表时间: 2019-02-01
• 期刊: ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
• 影响因子: 6.7
• 作者: Abraha, Michael;Gelfand, Ilya;Robertson, G. Philip
• 通讯作者: Robertson, G. Philip

Perennialization and Cover Cropping Mitigate Soil Carbon Loss from Residue Harvesting

• DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.04.0177
• 发表时间: 2018-07-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Jones, Curtis D.;Oates, Lawrence G.;Izaurralde, R. Cesar
• 通讯作者: Izaurralde, R. Cesar