Study on the Avoidance Response in Asterina pectinifera to Solaster dawsoni

海燕对道索尼叶甲的回避反应研究

基本信息

批准号：
10460094
负责人：
NAMIKOSHI Michio
金额：
$ 4.29万
依托单位：
Tokyo University of Fisheries
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2001
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Asterina pectinifera flees from the predator asteroid Solaster dawsoni before contact. This response is called an avoidance reaction. A. pectinifera is the only asteroid among marine fauna, which show the avoidance reaction. Several asteroids, such as Asterias rubens, show an escape response, which refer to the physical contact by the opponent to reject the predation.We have elucidated that the avoidance response in A. pectinifera is induced by biomolecules of S. dawsoni, and in the present research project, we aimed to develop a quantitative bioassay and isolation and purification of bioactive compounds responsible to the avoidance reaction.The bioactivity was quantified by measuring the following items : "lag time before avoidance response", "average speed of evasion", and "distance from the origin". Each item was evaluated by five grades, and the sum of grades of three items were categorized into four intensities of bioactivity (+++, ++, +, and -). A liquid (drip) obtained from S. dawsoni by freeze-thaw procedure elicited the strongest response (+++). The bioactivity of the drip was eliminated by Pronase E treatment. Bioactive substances were remained in the inner solution by the ultra filtration of 30,000. Separation by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration chromatography, and HPLC revealed that the avoidance response in A. pectinifera elicited by several proteinaceous compounds with molecular weight of around 100,000. As far as we can tell that this is the first report of allelochemicals having such larger molecular weights.In the course of the above study, we found that the aquarium water of A. pectinifera showed remedial and preventive effects on scaly area of human hands. Two polyhydroxysteroids and three steroidal saponins (pectiniosides A, B and C) were isolated as bioactive substances from the water extract of A. pectinifera.

在接触之前，Asterina pectinifera逃离了捕食者小行星孤独的Dawsoni。这种反应称为回避反应。 A. pectinifera是海洋动物区系中唯一的小行星，显示出回避反应。 Several asteroids, such as Asterias rubens, show an escape response, which refer to the physical contact by the opponent to reject the predation.We have elucidated that the avoidance response in A. pectinifera is induced by biomolecules of S. dawsoni, and in the present research project, we aimed to develop a quantitative bioassay and isolation and purification of bioactive compounds responsible to the avoidance reaction.The bioactivity was通过测量以下项目来量化：“回避响应之前的滞后时间”，“逃避的平均速度”和“距离原点的距离”。每个项目通过五个等级进行评估，三项等级的总和分为生物活性的四个强度（+++，++，+和 - ）。通过冻结过程从S. dawsoni获得的液体（滴水）引起了最强的响应（+++）。通过牙酶E处理消除了滴水的生物活性。通过30,000的超过滤，生物活性物质保留在内部溶液中。通过硫酸铵分馏，凝胶过滤色谱和HPLC分离表明，果皮曲霉中的回避反应是由几种蛋白质化合物引起的，分子量约为100,000。据我们所知，这是化学化学物质具有如此较大的分子量的第一份报告。在上述研究过程中，我们发现果胶曲霉的水族馆水对人手的鳞状面积显示了补救和预防作用。将两种多羟基固醇和三种类固醇皂苷（果胶剂A，B和C）分离为果胶曲霉水提取物的生物活性物质。