LTER: Cross-scale controls over responses of the Alaskan boreal forest to changing disturbance regimes

LTER：阿拉斯加北方森林对不断变化的干扰机制的反应的跨尺度控制

基本信息

批准号：
1636476
负责人：
Michelle Mack
金额：
$ 676.2万
依托单位：
University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-03-01 至 2024-02-29
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1636476&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
LTER Cross scale controls over

项目摘要

Alaska has warmed more than twice as rapidly as the rest of the United States over the past century, with some of the largest increases occurring in boreal (pine) forests far from the coast. This warming has triggered large changes in the number and size of wildfires, the melting of frozen soil, patterns of water flow, and outbreaks of insects and diseases. Thus, Alaskan landscapes are changing rapidly in complex ways, which is important because the changes directly affect the availability of natural resources and ecosystem services to Alaskan residents. More generally, changes to landscapes in the far North are of global significance because boreal forests cover vast areas and play a role in determining the Earth's climate. Understanding how and why boreal forests respond as they do to a warmer world is important for predicting both regional and global changes over the next century. This Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, started in 1987, will continue to provide long-term data on how changing climate impacts Alaskan forests and the people who depend on them for a living. This LTER research will test new ideas and gain fresh insights of the type possible only from studies that last decades. The LTER scientists will also continue their long history of collaboration with state and federal agencies regarding forest and wildlife management, especially in regard to increasing disturbance from fire. This project represents an integrated research program to study the cross-scale controls over responses of the Alaskan boreal forest to changing climate-disturbance interactions, including the associated consequences for regional feedbacks to the climate system, and to identify vulnerabilities and potential adaptations to social-ecological change with rural Alaskan communities and land management agencies. The project addresses the dynamics of change through the integration of five components: 1) Studying direct effects of climate change on ecosystems and disturbance regimes by characterizing controls over the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystems and disturbances, and the sensitivities of these controls to regional climate, and by studying the spatial and temporal synchrony of multiple disturbances to assess which landscapes are most vulnerable to change; 2) Understanding patterns, mechanisms, and consequences for scale-dependent climate-disturbance interactions involving current and legacy influences of fire, permafrost, and trophic dynamics as drivers of ecosystem and landscape change; 3) Linking landscape heterogeneity with regional and global climate feedbacks by studying and modeling how intermediate-scale patterns and processes influence regional scale ecosystem dynamics and climate feedbacks; 4) Studying how climate variability and change are affecting coupled social-ecological dynamics by characterizing variability in changes to ecosystem services across a select group of interior Alaskan communities, and collaborating with communities to find solutions that reduce vulnerability and improve adaptation to social-ecological change; 5) Integrating science and resource management with regional environmental change by coordinating research activities with agencies to fill management knowledge gaps, assessing outcomes of policy decisions, and communicating syntheses to policy makers in meaningful ways.

在过去的一个世纪，阿拉斯加的温暖速度是美国其他地区的两倍以上，其中一些最大的增加发生在距离沿海地区的北方森林（Pine）森林。这种变暖引发了野火的数量和大小，冷冻土壤的融化，水流模式以及昆虫和疾病的暴发。因此，阿拉斯加的景观正在以复杂的方式迅速变化，这很重要，因为这些变化直接影响了自然资源和生态系统服务对阿拉斯加居民的可用性。更一般而言，远北的景观的变化具有全球意义，因为北方森林涵盖了广阔的地区，并在确定地球气候方面发挥了作用。了解北方森林如何以及为什么对温暖的世界做出反应，对于预测下一世纪的区域和全球变化很重要。这项始于1987年的长期生态研究（LTER）项目将继续提供有关气候变化如何影响阿拉斯加森林以及依靠它们谋生的人们的长期数据。这项研究将测试新的想法，并获得仅从过去几十年的研究中获得可能的类型的新见解。批量的科学家还将继续与州和联邦机构有关森林和野生动植物管理的悠久历史，尤其是在日益增长的火灾中。该项目代表了一项综合研究计划，用于研究对阿拉斯加北方森林对不断变化的气候扰动相互作用的反应的跨尺度控制，包括对气候系统的区域反馈的相关后果，以及确定脆弱性和潜在适应对阿拉斯加农村社区和土地管理机构的社会生态学变化的影响。该项目通过五个组成部分的整合来解决变化的动态：1）通过表征对生态系统和障碍的空间异质性的控制来研究气候变化对生态系统和干扰制度的直接影响，以及这些控制对区域气候的敏感性，以及研究空间和时间脉络的敏感性，以评估多个范围的范围，以评估多个范围的范围，以评估多个范围的范围，从而对多种态度进行了范围的变化，从而范围内的范围是范围的范围。 2）了解涉及火灾，多年冻土和营养动态的当前和遗产影响的规模依赖气候扰动相互作用的模式，机制和后果，这是生态系统和景观变化的驱动力； 3）通过研究和建模中间规模的模式和过程如何影响区域规模的生态系统动力学和气候反馈，将景观异质性与区域和全球气候反馈联系起来； 4）研究气候变异性和变化如何通过表征跨阿拉斯加室内室内社区的生态系统服务的变化来表征对社会生态生态动态的耦合，并与社区合作找到解决方案，以减少脆弱性并改善社会生态变化的适应性； 5）通过与机构协调研究活动来填补管理知识差距，评估政策决策的结果以及以有意义的方式将综合与政策制定者进行交流，将科学和资源管理与区域环境变革整合到区域环境变化。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（374）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Arctic wildfires at a warming threshold

DOI：
10.1126/science.ade9583
发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
Science
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Eric Post;M. Mack
通讯作者：
Eric Post;M. Mack

The Rhizosphere Responds: Rich Fen Peat and Root Microbial Ecology after Long-Term Water Table Manipulation

DOI：
10.1128/aem.00241-21
发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
D. Rupp;L. J. Lamit;S. Techtmann;E. Kane;E. Lilleskov;M. Turetsky
通讯作者：
D. Rupp;L. J. Lamit;S. Techtmann;E. Kane;E. Lilleskov;M. Turetsky

Harnessing the Power of Community Science to Address Data Gaps in Arctic Observing: Invasive Species in Alaska as Case Examples

利用社区科学的力量解决北极观测中的数据差距：以阿拉斯加的入侵物种为例

DOI：
10.14430/arctic73773
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
ARCTIC
影响因子：
1.2
作者：
Schwoerer, Tobias;Spellman, Katie V.;Davis, Tammy J.;Lee, Olivia;Martin, Aaron;Mulder, Christa P.H.;Swenson, Nicole Y.;Taylor, Audrey;Winter, Genelle
通讯作者：
Winter, Genelle

The tundra phenology database: more than two decades of tundra phenology responses to climate change

苔原物候数据库：二十多年来苔原物候对气候变化的响应