Functional Carbon Surfaces for Stable Passivation of Sodium-Ion Battery Electrodes

用于钠离子电池电极稳定钝化的功能碳表面

基本信息

批准号：
1607991
负责人：
Maureen Tang
金额：
$ 32.17万
依托单位：
Drexel University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-07-01 至 2020-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1607991&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Functional Carbon Surfaces Stable Passivation

项目摘要

Non-technical DescriptionIntermittent renewable energy sources like wind and solar require large-scale, cost-effective methods for energy storage. There is currently no technology that could provide this amount of energy storage with acceptable safety, lifetime, and cost. Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries are more promising than lithium-ion batteries for large-scale storage based on their earth-abundant resources and lower raw material cost. However, the lifetime of current sodium-ion technology is limited by inefficient interfaces between solid and liquid materials inside the battery. With the support of the Solid State and Materials Chemistry program, this project will develop better understanding of this interfacial chemistry. The results will allow researchers to design materials that last longer and to predict the lifetime of those materials much faster than traditional methods. The educational benefits of the project include graduate and undergraduate researcher training in electroanalytical chemistry, battery science, microfabrication, and reactor design. The PI has also partnered with a local high school's chapter of Girls Who Code to introduce high school students to electronics and engineering design.Technical DescriptionInsufficient passivation from the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI), a surface film at the electrode/electrolyte interface, limits the lifetime of sodium-ion batteries. Even basic understanding of how the SEI forms, grows, and transports charges is severely lacking. This work will apply an innovative combination of microfluidic reactors, electrochemical generator-collector experiments, and redox mediator studies in order to develop methods for critical insight into the form and function of the SEI. Reducing reactor volume mimics the surface:volume ratio of a real battery while the well-defined convection field is still amenable to transport and kinetic analysis. This unconventional approach controls the residence time of the electrolyte degradation reactions and can be used to map passivation efficiency to the concentration and chain-length of solubilized oligomers. The microflow reactor also permits electrochemical generator-collector experiments to amperometrically detect reaction products. Such four-electrode measurements are not possible in a normal battery and will permit the amperometric detection of soluble degradation products and mediator studies of charge transport and reaction in the SEI. Patterned carbonaceous electrodes in model geometries will be synthesized by controlled oxidation of pyrolyzed photoresist. These electrodes will be characterized spectroscopically and microscopically in order to relate their electrochemical performance to the nature of the carbon surface. The results of the study will impact both existing and emerging materials for sodium-ion batteries by determining how carbon surface chemistry can be used to control both the catalysis of desirable SEI products and their effective precipitation into stable films.

非技术描述的可再生能源（如风和太阳能）需要大规模的，具有成本效益的方法来存储能源。目前，没有技术可以提供可接受的安全性，生命周期和成本。与锂离子电池相比，可充电钠离子电池更有前途，该电池可根据其土壤丰富的资源和降低原材料成本来进行大规模存储。但是，当前钠离子技术的寿命受电池内的固体和液体材料之间效率低下的接口限制。在固态和材料化学计划的支持下，该项目将更好地了解这种界面化学。结果将使研究人员能够设计持续时间更长的材料，并比传统方法更快地预测这些材料的寿命。该项目的教育益处包括分析化学，电池科学，微加工和反应堆设计方面的研究生和本科研究人员培训。 PI还与当地高中的女孩章节合作，她的代码将高中生介绍给电子和工程设计。技术描述从固体电解质相（SEI）（SEI）（一种在电极/电解质界面上的表面膜）的充满钝化的钝化，限制了钠含量电池的寿命。即使对SEI形成，增长和运输费用的基本了解也严重缺乏。这项工作将采用微流体反应器，电化学发电机 - 收集器实验和氧化还原介体研究的创新组合，以开发出对SEI形式和功能的重要洞察力。减少反应器体积模拟了表面：真实电池的体积比，而定义明确的对流场仍然可以进行运输和动力学分析。这种非常规的方法控制电解质降解反应的停留时间，可用于将钝化效率映射到溶解性低聚物的浓度和链长度。微流动机还允许电化学发电机 - 收集器实验来检测反应产物。在正常电池中，无法进行此类四电极测量值，并且将允许对SEI中电荷传输和反应的可溶性降解产物和介体研究进行安培检测。模型几何形式的碳质电极将通过热解的光蛋白抗菌氧化来合成。这些电极将在光谱和显微镜上进行表征，以便将其电化学性能与碳表面的性质联系起来。该研究的结果将通过确定如何使用碳表面化学来控制所需的SEI产品的催化及其有效沉淀成稳定的膜，从而影响钠离子电池的现有和新兴材料。