Collaborative Research: Demographic structure and recruitment patterns of the scyphozoan, Chrysaora melanaster, in the Bering Sea: the influence of climate on ecosystem function

合作研究：白令海栉水母 Chrysaora melanaster 的种群结构和补充模式：气候对生态系统功能的影响

• 批准号: 1602488
• 负责人: Hongsheng Bi
• 金额: $ 49.05万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Center for Environmental Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-11-01 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1602488&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Demographic; structure; recruitment

In the eastern Bering Sea, jellyfish biomass increased dramatically after 1990 and peaked in 2000. Biomass increased again during the cool period of 2007-2012. Overall, moderate to cold conditions tend to favor jellyfish in this system. During times of population increase, jellyfish likely have major impacts on the Bering Sea food web, including Walleye Pollock fisheries, because the medusae directly feed on young life stages of fish and compete with fish for food. This project will estimate the age structure and age-specific abundances of the predominant jellyfish in the Bering Sea, Chrysaora melanaster, and will relate this to adult medusa abundance in order to understand how their population structure changes with time. The ultimate goal is to estimate the reproductive capacity and success of this jellyfish in relation to climate variability and to investigate the potential for increases of this jellyfish to become a recurring pattern in the Bering Sea given future climate scenarios.This project will contribute to STEM workforce development through the support for the training of a graduate student. The investigators will participate in K-12 teacher training workshops. Undergraduate students will be entrained into the research through an existing Research Experience for Undergraduates program. Elementary school students will be introduced to marine science through visits to the principal investigator?s laboratory. A website for the project, including novel imagery, will be developed. Open-source code for image processing will be posted on the World Wide Web as a resource for the larger scientific community.The importance of incorporating age-specific abundances and age structure in assessments of the population dynamics of a species in relation to environmental change is well-established in fisheries science and other disciplines that attempt to understand the temporal variation of populations. Rigorous investigations will be conducted to estimate the abundance and fine-scale spatial distribution of C. melanaster including both their early planktonic and adult stages, to determine their age structure, and to construct a population model to identify recruit success and recruitment timing. This research will examine how gelatinous zooplankton populations respond to large scale environmental changes and will also facilitate understanding of the reoccurring jellyfish population increases in the Bering Sea. The sonar imaging technologies (ARIS1800) are effective in sampling adult forms of the congener C. quinquecirrha and an advanced optical ZOOplankton VISualization (ZOOVIS) system can sample small jellyfish effectively. The combination of net sampling and new aging techniques will provide much needed information on the age-structure within cohorts and will facilitate understanding of recruitment processes, e.g. single cohort versus multiple cohorts. This will in turn enable forecasting of jellyfish abundance and their predatory impacts in the Bering Sea ecosystem.

在白令海东部，水母生物量在1990年之后急剧增加，并在2000年达到峰值。在2007 - 2012年凉爽时期，生物量再次增加。 总体而言，中度至寒冷的条件倾向于在该系统中偏爱水母。 在人口增加的时候，水母可能会对包括角膜白斑渔业在内的白令海上食品网络产生重大影响，因为混合物直接以鱼类的年轻生命阶段为食，并与鱼类竞争食物。 该项目将估计白令海，Chrysaora Melanaster中主要水母的年龄结构和年龄特异性的丰度，并将其与成人的Medusa丰度相关联，以了解其人口结构如何随时间而变化。最终的目标是估计这种水母在气候变异性方面的生殖能力和成功，并研究这种水母增加的潜力，鉴于未来的气候场景，该项目将通过支持研究生学生的培训来促进STEM劳动力的发展。 调查人员将参加K-12教师培训研讨会。 本科生将通过现有的本科生计划的研究经验纳入研究。 小学生将通过访问主要研究人员的实验室来介绍海洋科学。 将开发一个项目的网站，包括新图像。 用于图像处理的开源代码将在万维网上发布，作为更大科学界的资源。在渔业科学和其他学科中，将特定年龄的丰度和年龄结构纳入对环境变化的种群动态的评估和其他学科的重要性是试图理解人群暂时变化的其他学科。 将进行严格的调查，以估计甲虫C. melanaster的丰度和精细的空间分布，包括它们的早期浮游生物和成人阶段，以确定其年龄结构，并构建人口模型以识别招募成功和招募时机。 这项研究将研究凝胶状浮游生物种群如何应对大规模的环境变化，还将有助于理解白令海的果冻种群的增加。声纳成像技术（ARIS1800）在对成年形式的成人形式中有效，Quinquecirrha的成人形式和先进的光学浮游动物可视化（Zoovis）系统可以有效地品尝小水母。净采样和新的老化技术的结合将提供有关队列中年龄结构的急需信息，并有助于理解招聘过程，例如单队列与多个队列。反过来，这将使水母丰度及其在白令海生态系统中的掠夺性影响。