The role of in-channel aquatic vegetation on hyporheic exchange

河道内水生植被对潜流交换的作用

• 批准号: 1559348
• 负责人: Daniele Tonina
• 金额: $ 55.8万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Idaho
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1559348&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: role; channel; aquatic; vegetation; hyporheic

In-channel vegetation, IAV, is ubiquitous in watercourse as plants or algae. It provides many vital ecological and hydromorphological functions and is becoming a major tool in river restoration. Research on IAV has chiefly focused on sediment transport and flow resistance, while its role in inducing hyporheic exchange has been neglected. Hyporheic exchange is the main process connecting streams with streambeds by moving in-stream water in and out of the streambed sediment through the hyporheic zone, HZ, which serves as an interface between surface and ground waters. The HZ promotes important biological and chemical processes, which affect the quality of both stream and streambed waters. Consequently, modeling hyporheic fluxes due to IAV will provide key information for river restoration practices in which planting has been advocated, a $1B per year industry. Additionally, predictions of hyporheic exchange and processes are essential to quantify solute transport and transformation along streams and rivers. Thus the goal of this research is to model hyporheic flow due to IAV. This will provide a fundamental and predictive understanding of the processes that control hyporheic exchange due to flow and IAV interaction. It will advance knowledge on hyporheic flow field near the rhizosphere, the region of sediment directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms and the ability to model solute, nutrient, contaminant, and pathogen transport along stream networks by including the effect of IAV. The models developed in this project will be used to predict hyporheic processes in streams with vegetation and will be incorporated into basin-scale transport models of solute and nutrients. A new transformative after school program will be developed to introduce 5th-6th grade students to STEM disciplines through hands-on activities and lessons with a mobile educational flume. In addition undergraduate and graduate Civil Engineering students will be trained. The scientific goal of this project is to mechanistically understand, quantify, and model the effects of IAV on hyporheic exchange as a function of IAV density, patch size, and patch distribution under different flow conditions. IAVs will be considered with three schematizations: 1) interaction between flow and an individual emergent and submerged vegetation stem, 2) interaction between flow and one single submerged vegetation patch, and 3) interaction between flow and multiple submerged vegetation patches. This will be addressed with novel tracer test flume experiments, coupling Matching Index Reflectometry, Particle Image Velocimetry, and analytical and numerical modeling, and by testing three specific hypotheses: hyporheic exchange has an inverse U-shaped (increases to a maximum and then decreases with increasing value of the independent variable) relationship with: (1) IAV density; (2) IAV patch size; and (3) the percent of streambed covered by multiple dense IAV patches.

渠道内植被IAV在水道中无处不在，如植物或藻类。它提供了许多重要的生态和氢化功能，并正在成为河流修复中的主要工具。对IAV的研究主要集中在沉积物的运输和耐药性上，而其在诱导低血交换中的作用已被忽略。低音交换是通过在流床沉积物中通过低音区域将流中的水进入和流出流式水的主要过程，Hz是表面和地面之间的界面。 HZ促进了重要的生物学和化学过程，这些过程都会影响溪流和溪流水的质量。因此，对IAV引起的低音通量进行建模将为提倡种植的河流恢复实践提供关键信息，这是每年$ 1B的行业。另外，对降低流动交换和过程的预测对于量化沿流和河流的溶质传输和转化至关重要。因此，这项研究的目的是建模由于IAV引起的低流动流。这将为控制流动和IAV相互作用引起的低音交换的过程提供基本和预测的理解。它将提高对根际附近低流动流场的知识，该际，沉积物区域直接受根分泌和相关的土壤微生物的影响，以及通过包括IAV的效果来建模溶质，营养，污染物，污染物和病原体传输的能力。该项目中开发的模型将用于预测具有植被的流中的低音过程，并将纳入溶质和养分的盆地规模的传输模型中。将开发一项新的变革性课程课程，以通过动手活动和移动教育水槽的实践活动和课程来介绍5至6年级的学生来阻止学科。此外，将培训本科和研究生土木工程专业的学生。该项目的科学目标是机械理解，量化和建模IAV对在不同流动条件下IAV密度，斑块大小和斑块分布的函数的效果。 IAV将通过三个示意图考虑：1）流动与单个出现和淹没植被茎之间的相互作用，2）流动与一个单个淹没植被之间的相互作用，以及3）流动与多个淹没植被斑块之间的相互作用。这将通过新颖的示踪剂测试水槽实验，耦合匹配索引反映量度，粒子图像速度计，分析和数值建模，以及通过测试三个特定的假设：降低的uspore exchange具有反相反的U形（最大值，然后随着独立变量的增加而增加）。 （2）IAV补丁尺寸； （3）由多个密集的IAV斑块覆盖的流床百分比。

项目成果

Experimentally Mapping Water Surface Elevation, Velocity, and Pressure Fields of an Open Channel Flow Around a Stalk

• DOI: 10.1029/2021gl096835
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: J. Moreto;W. J. Reeder;R. Budwig;D. Tonina;Xiaofeng Liu

Seeing through porous media: An experimental study for unveiling interstitial flows

• DOI: 10.1002/hyp.11425
• 发表时间: 2018-01
• 期刊: Hydrological Processes
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: S. Rubol;D. Tonina;L. Vincent;Jill A. Sohm;W. Basham;R. Budwig;P. Savalia;E. Kanso;D. Capone;K. Nealson

Particle Seeded Grains to Identify Highly Irregular Solid Boundaries and Simplify PIV Measurements

颗粒播种谷物可识别高度不规则的固体边界并简化 PIV 测量

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2019.00195
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Frontiers in Earth Science
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Basham, William;Budwig, Ralph;Tonina, Daniele
• 通讯作者: Tonina, Daniele

A Biologically Friendly, Low‐Cost, and Scalable Method to Map Permeable Media Architecture and Interstitial Flow

一种生物友好、低成本且可扩展的方法来绘制可渗透介质结构和间隙流

• DOI: 10.1029/2020gl090462
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Hilliard, Brandon;Reeder, William J.;Skifton, Richard S.;Budwig, Ralph;Basham, William;Tonina, Daniele
• 通讯作者: Tonina, Daniele