Doctoral Dissertation Research: Small-Scale Shrimp Production in the Age of Industrial Aquaculture

博士论文研究：工厂化水产养殖时代的小规模虾生产

• 批准号: 1558587
• 负责人: Lisa Campbell
• 金额: $ 1.59万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-03-15 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1558587&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Small; Scale

This research project investigates how the emergence of shrimp diseases impacts shrimp producers and global shrimp production networks. It examines how environmental conditions interact with socio-political factors and development policy to influence the production of the world's most valuable seafood commodity. Shrimp diseases result in dramatic economic losses in regions reliant on aquaculture and create high market volatility in regions that primarily fish for wild shrimp, such as the United States. A better understanding of the socio-political and environmental conditions that drive the problem of disease will strengthen the food production economies of both types of regions, particularly for small-scale producers who are disproportionately affected by disease outbreaks. The project incorporates environmental and contextual factors into commodities research, which has traditionally focused on the role of firms in explaining how commodities like shrimp are produced. The focus on shrimp disease is expected to help improve disease remediation management for shrimp farmers as well as assist the identification and dissemination of effective responses to market volatility for U.S. producers. Shrimp are produced in two distinct ways: (a) aquaculture (farming) in land-based ponds and (b) traditional wild-capture methods. Most consumers in the global marketplace do not differentiate shrimp produced by these two methods. As a result, the growth of aquaculture has dramatically increased supply and caused a fall in global prices for producers using both methods. This growth has been accompanied by the emergence of diseases in shrimp farms, which have caused significant economic loss and dramatic price volatility in the global market. Despite decades of research, treatment of most major diseases remains difficult or impossible. The problem is especially severe for many small-scale producers in both the U.S. and Asia, who are impacted by the general fall in prices and lack the knowledge or resources to effectively respond to disease losses or market volatility. This project addresses these issues by asking what structural and socioeconomic drivers lead to the emergence of disease in certain areas, how disease impacts producers at local levels, and how small-scale producers adapt and respond to disease. The research methods combine analysis of contextual historical and economic data with interviews with shrimp producers and local traders in field sites in North Carolina and Aceh, Indonesia. This approach addresses the "black box" problem of commodities research, in which the consumer side of commodity exchanges are well understood, but the social and environmental conditions of production at the local level are not. Interviews draw on the investigator's connections with producer groups in both regions to better understand production relationships, livelihood strategies, and policy impacts, with an emphasis on how they shape and are shaped by the emergence of disease.

该研究项目调查了虾疾病的出现如何影响虾生产者和全球虾生产网络。它研究了环境条件如何与社会政治因素和发展政策相互作用，以影响世界上最有价值的海鲜商品的生产。虾疾病导致依靠水产养殖的地区造成巨大的经济损失，并在主要是野生虾（例如美国）捕鱼的地区较高的市场波动。更好地了解驱动疾病问题的社会政治和环境状况将增强两种地区的粮食生产经济体，特别是对于受疾病暴发不成比例影响的小型生产者。该项目将环境和情境因素纳入商品研究中，该研究传统上着重于企业在解释虾之类的商品生产中的作用。预计对虾病的重点有助于改善虾农民的疾病修复管理，并有助于鉴定和传播对美国生产者市场波动的有效反应。虾的生产是两种不同的方式：（a）土地池塘中的水产养殖（耕种）和（b）传统的野生捕捉方法。全球市场上的大多数消费者都没有区分这两种方法产生的虾。结果，水产养殖的增长大大增加了供应量，并使用两种方法的生产商的全球价格下跌。这种增长伴随着虾农场中疾病的出现，这些疾病在全球市场引起了巨大的经济损失和巨大的价格波动。尽管进行了数十年的研究，但对大多数主要疾病的治疗仍然困难或不可能。对于美国和亚洲的许多小型生产商而言，问题尤其严重，他们受到总体价格下跌的影响，缺乏有效地应对疾病损失或市场波动的知识或资源。该项目通过询问哪些结构和社会经济驱动因素导致某些地区出现疾病的出现，疾病如何影响本地水平的生产者以及小规模生产者如何适应和应对疾病，从而解决了这些问题。该研究方法将对上下文历史和经济数据的分析与印度尼西亚北卡罗来纳州和亚齐的现场现场的虾生产商和当地商人的访谈结合在一起。这种方法解决了商品研究的“黑匣子”问题，在该问题中，商品交流的消费者方面已被充分理解，但地方一级的社会和环境条件却没有。访谈借鉴了研究者与两个地区生产者群体的联系，以更好地了解生产关系，生计策略和政策影响，并着重于它们如何形成和因疾病的出现而塑造。