Collaborative Research: Marine Spatial Planning and the Role of Community and Environmental Actors

合作研究：海洋空间规划以及社区和环境参与者的作用

• 批准号: 1155299
• 负责人: Lisa Campbell
• 金额: $ 5.3万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1155299&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Marine; Spatial; Planning; Collaborative; Research; Marine; Spatial; Planning

This project will investigate how Marine Spatial Planning has evolved and continues to be enacted as the principal ocean policy in the United States. Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is an emerging process of ocean governance that seeks to address current concerns with how to organize and use the nation's marine resources. MSP is a central component of the US federal government's National Ocean Policy, and is the key avenue through which the government's commitment to ecosystem-based management of the oceans will be realized. The marine environment is home to a growing number of users and activities that MSP is working to frame within a comprehensive planning process. Understanding the process of ocean governance as produced within the context of MSP is critical to sustaining coastal communities and the marine resources many of them depend on. This project will investigate how emerging MSP policies are produced, focusing particularly on the role of the federal geospatial database known as the Multipurpose Marine Cadastre (MMC) in creating a cartographic basis for marine spatial decision-making. The project will examine the national policy evolution of MSP, what role the MMC plays in the continuing formulation of MSP, and the implications of these processes for making coastal communities, economies, and social structures more or less resilient to environmental changes. This research will draw on actor-network theory, critical Geographical Information Science (GIS), and political ecology to address the following questions: 1) How has MSP emerged as the preferred ocean policy solution (e.g., for fisheries, energy, or aquaculture questions) in the United States? 2) What types of information (e.g., scientific, economic, social) inform MSP discourses, and how is such information being transmitted to the public? 3) How are communities and environmental actors constituted (assessed, measured, represented) by MSP tools such as the MMC, and what capacities might they accumulate or lose through such tools? To answer these questions, the project will collect and analyze written and audio records from government agencies, non-government organizations, industry groups, and public forums concerned with MSP. Further, the project will collect and analyze source data and outputs from the MMC, and conduct a short organizational ethnography of the MMC. Project results are expected to help illuminate MSP processes and to inform strategies for improving this new method of oceans governance.This project will analyze what types of human and marine resource information is being incorporated into MSP, a critical need as researchers and policymakers move forward with ever-larger data sets designed to visualize and organize US ocean uses. The project will contribute practically to the understanding of ocean management, while helping to inform MSP practices as communities across the country engage with initiatives (e.g., aquaculture, catch shares, wind energy) that define ocean space in different ways. More generally, there is unprecedented worldwide interest in new forms of ocean governance, and the 'oceans agenda' has emerged as a central topic in both national and international forums. Although this research will focus on the US, results will have significance for these larger processes. Thus, the broader impact of this research is related to the scope of the policy processes that stand to rewrite ocean governance in the US and elsewhere. The project's ability to realize these impacts arises through its connections to key people and institutions involved in these policy-making processes, as well as the PIs' previous research on and contributions to ocean policy debates. Additional impacts will include the training of a PhD student, the mentoring of a post-doctoral researcher, and strengthened academic networks amongst the collaborators.

该项目将调查海洋空间规划如何发展并继续作为美国的主要海洋政策。 海洋空间规划（MSP）是一个新兴的海洋治理过程，旨在解决如何组织和利用国家海洋资源的当前问题。 MSP是美国联邦政府国家海洋政策的核心组成部分，是政府对基于生态系统的海洋管理的承诺的关键途径。 海洋环境是MSP越来越多的用户和活动在全面的计划过程中构建的所在地。 了解在MSP背景下产生的海洋治理过程对于维持沿海社区和海洋资源至关重要。 该项目将调查如何制定新兴的MSP政策，尤其着重于联邦地理空间数据库，即称为多功能海洋卡德斯特（MMC）在为海上空间决策创建制图基础上的作用。 该项目将研究MSP的国家政策演变，MMC在MSP持续制定中的作用以及这些过程对使沿海社区，经济和社会结构的含义或多或少或多或少地有弹性。 这项研究将借鉴参与者网络理论，批判地理信息科学（GIS）和政治生态学，以解决以下问题：1）在美国，MSP如何成为首选的海洋政策解决方案（例如，对于渔业，能源或水产养殖问题）？ 2）哪些类型的信息（例如，科学，经济，社会）为MSP话语提供了信息，以及这些信息如何传输给公众？ 3）如何由MSP工具（例如MMC）组成（评估，测量，代表），以及通过此类工具会积累或失去什么能力？ 为了回答这些问题，该项目将收集和分析与MSP有关的政府机构，非政府组织，行业团体以及公共论坛的书面和音频记录。 此外，该项目将从MMC收集和分析源数据和输出，并进行简短的MMC组织民族志。 预计项目结果将有助于阐明MSP流程，并为改善这种新的海洋治理方法提供策略。该项目将分析哪些类型的人类和海洋资源信息已纳入MSP，这是研究人员和决策者的关键需​​求，随着旨在可视化和组织USAIMIZIZE USAIMIAIKE OCEANASE的越来越多的大量数据集，研究人员和决策者向前迈进。 该项目将实际上有助于对海洋管理的理解，同时帮助MSP实践，因为全国各地的社区参与以不同方式定义海洋空间的计划（例如，水产养殖，捕获股票，股票，风能）。 更普遍地，全世界在新形式的海洋治理中都有空前的兴趣，而“海洋议程”在国家和国际论坛中都成为一个核心话题。 尽管这项研究将集中在美国，但结果对这些较大的过程将具有重要意义。 因此，这项研究的更广泛影响与代表在美国和其他地方重写海洋治理的政策过程的范围有关。 该项目实现这些影响的能力是通过与参与这些决策过程的关键人物和机构的联系以及PIS先前对海洋政策辩论的研究和贡献而产生的。 其他影响还包括培训博士生，指导博士后研究人员的指导以及在合作者中加强学术网络。