Collaborative Research: The Emergence of Stakeholders and Ecosystems as Powerful Actors in Marine Spatial Planning

合作研究：利益相关者和生态系统作为海洋空间规划的强大参与者的出现

• 批准号: 1359943
• 负责人: Lisa Campbell
• 金额: $ 18.36万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1359943&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Emergence; Stakeholders; Ecosystems; Collaborative; Research; Emergence; Stakeholders; Ecosystems

Determining how to effectively and responsibly manage the oceans is a complex task, engaging researchers, policymakers, and others for decades. In response to past and existing forms of oceans management, Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) is an emerging process of oceans governance that seeks to address current concerns with how to organize and use the nation's marine resources. MSP is a central component of the US federal government's National Ocean Policy, and is the key avenue through which the government's commitment to ecosystem-based management of the oceans will be realized. The marine environment is home to a growing number of users and activities that MSP is working to frame within a new comprehensive planning process. This research project will improve understanding of the processes of ocean governance produced within the context of MSP, ones critical to sustaining coastal communities and the marine resources many of them depend on. The research will focus on two key questions: 1) How are communities and environmental actors constituted by MSP practices?; and 2) What are the roles of community and environmental actors in the constitution of MSP itself? Through these, the research will examine how national policy language for MSP is interpreted in regional MSP discourses and practices, how the concerns of practitioners and human interest groups are formulated and addressed, and how the widely varying marine environmental actors both within and between regions - such as fish, marine mammals, or sea grasses - are inscribed. Within these regions, there are specific sites, or 'centers of calculation, that will be the focus of data collection. These include online ocean science databases (both national and regional); regional MSP consortiums in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast; and research centers that have been instrumental in the 'turn' toward MSP, ecosystems, and ecosystem services. The project will collect written and audio records from regional government agencies, non-government organizations, industry groups, and public forums; collect source data and outputs from the various mapping projects associated with MSP; and conduct short organizational ethnographies of the organizations leading these projects. The project will analyze what types of human and marine resource information are being incorporated into MSP (and what might be missing), a critical need as researchers and policymakers move forward with ever-larger data sets designed to visualize and organize US ocean uses. Practically, the project aims to inform MSP practices as communities across the country continue to engage with initiatives (e.g., aquaculture, catch shares, wind energy) that define ocean space in different ways. More generally, there is unprecedented worldwide interest in new forms of oceans governance, and although this research will focus on the US, results will have significance for these larger processes. The project will strengthen existing collaborations across academic institutions and with government and community groups, and contributes to post-doctoral training and mentoring. Results will be communicated to academic, practitioners, and community audiences.

确定如何有效，负责任地管理海洋是一项复杂的任务，几十年来吸引研究人员，决策者和其他人。为了回应过去和现有的海洋管理形式，海洋空间规划（MSP）是一个新兴的海洋治理过程，旨在解决如何组织和使用国家海洋资源的当前问题。 MSP是美国联邦政府国家海洋政策的核心组成部分，是政府对基于生态系统的海洋管理的承诺的关键途径。海洋环境是MSP在新的综合计划过程中构建越来越多的用户和活动的所在地。该研究项目将提高对MSP背景下海洋治理过程的了解，MSP对维持沿海社区至关重要的海洋治理过程以及其中许多依赖的海洋资源。该研究将重点放在两个关键问题上：1）MSP实践如何构成社区和环境参与者？ 2）社区和环境参与者在MSP本身的宪法中的作用是什么？通过这些研究，研究将研究如何在区域MSP的话语和实践中解释国家政策语言，如何制定和解决从业者和人类利益群体的关注，以及如何在诸如鱼类，海洋哺乳动物或海草等地区内部和地区之间广泛变化的海洋环境参与者。在这些区域中，有一些特定的站点或计算中心，这将是数据收集的重点。其中包括在线海洋科学数据库（包括国家和地区）；大西洋和东北部的区域MSP财团；以及对MSP，生态系统和生态系统服务的“转向”中发挥作用的研究中心。该项目将收集区域政府机构，非政府组织，行业团体和公共论坛的书面和音频记录；从与MSP相关的各种映射项目中收集源数据和输出；并在领导这些项目的组织中进行简短的组织民族志。该项目将分析将哪些类型的人类和海洋资源信息纳入MSP（以及可能缺少的内容），随着研究人员和政策制定者的前进，旨在可视化和组织美国海洋用途的越来越多的数据集，这是一个迫切的需求。实际上，随着全国各地的社区继续参与以不同方式定义海洋空间的计划（例如水产养殖，捕获股票，风能），该项目旨在为MSP实践提供信息。更一般而言，全世界对新形式的海洋治理都有空前的兴趣，尽管这项研究将重点放在美国，但结果对这些较大的过程将具有重要意义。该项目将加强在学术机构以及政府和社区团体之间的现有合作，并为博士后培训和指导做出贡献。结果将与学术，从业者和社区受众传达。