CPS: TTP Option: Synergy: Collaborative Research: Hardening Network Infrastructures for Fast, Resilient, and Cost-Optimal Wide-Area Control of Power Systems

CPS：TTP 选项：协同：协作研究：强化网络基础设施，实现快速、弹性和成本最优的电力系统广域控制

• 批准号: 1544751
• 负责人: Anuradha Annaswamy
• 金额: $ 35万
• 依托单位: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1544751&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CPS; TTP; Option; Synergy; Collaborative

The wide-area measurement systems technology using Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) has been regarded as the key to guaranteeing stability, reliability, state estimation, and control of next-generation power systems. However, with the exponentially increasing number of PMUs, and the resulting explosion in data volume, the design and deployment of an efficient wide-area communication and computing infrastructure is evolving as one of the greatest challenges to the power system and IT communities. The goal of this NSF CPS project is to address this challenge, and construct a massively deployable cyber-physical architecture for wide-area control that is fast, resilient and cost-optimal (FRESCO). The FRESCO grid will consist of a suite of optimal control algorithms for damping oscillations in power flows and voltages, implemented on top of a cost-effective and cyber-secure distributed computing infrastructure connected by high-speed wide-area networks that are dynamically programmable and reconfigurable. The value of constructing FRESCO is twofold (1) If a US-wide communication network capable of transporting gigabit volumes of PMU data for wide-area control indeed needs to be implemented over the next five years then power system operators must have a clear sense of how various forms of delays, packet losses, and security threats affect the stability of these control loops. (2) Moreover, such wide-area communication must be made economically feasible and sustainable via joint decision-making processes between participating utility companies, and testing how controls can play a potential role in facilitating such economics. Currently, there is very limited insight into how the PMU data transport protocols may lead to a variety of such delay patterns, or dictate the economic investments. FRESCO will answer all of these questions, starting from small prototypical grid models to those with tens of thousands of buses. Our eventual goal will be to make FRESCO fully open-source for Transition to Practice (TTP). We will work with two local software companies in Raleigh, namely Green Energy Corporation and Real-Time Innovations, Inc. to develop a scalable, secure middleware using Data-Distribution Service (DDS) technology. Thus, within the scope of the project, we also expect to enrich the state-of-the-art cloud computing and networking technologies with new control and management functions.From a technical perspective, FRESCO will answer three main research questions. First, can wide-area controllers be co-designed in sync with communication delays to make the closed-loop system resilient and delay-aware, rather than just delay-tolerant This is particularly important, as PMU data, in most practical scenarios, will have to be transported over a shared resource, sharing bandwidth with other ongoing applications, giving rise to not only transport delays, but also significant delays due to queuing and routing. Advanced ideas of arbitrated network control designs will be used to address this problem. The second question we address is for cost. Given that there are several participants in this wide-area control, how much is each participant willing to pay in sharing the network cost with others for the sake of supporting a system-wide control objective compared to its current practice of opting for selfish feedback control only Ideas from cooperative game theory will be used to investigate this problem. The final question addresses security how can one develop a scientific methodology to assess risks, and mitigate security attacks in wide-area control? Statistical and structural analysis of attack defense modes using Bayesian and Markov models, game theory, and discrete-event simulation will be used to address this issue. Experimental demos will be carried out using the DETER-WAMS network, showcasing the importance of cyber-innovation for the sustainability of energy infrastructures. Research results will be broadcast through journal publications, and jointly organized graduate courses between NCSU, MIT and USC.

使用相量测量单元（PMU）的大区域测量系统技术被认为是确保稳定性，可靠性，状态估计以及对下一代电力系统的控制的关键。但是，随着PMU的数量呈指数增长，数据量的爆炸量，有效的广阔通信和计算基础设施的设计和部署正在发展，这是对电力系统和IT社区的最大挑战之一。该NSF CPS项目的目标是应对这一挑战，并为广泛，弹性和成本优势（壁画）构建大量可部署的网络物理体系结构。壁画电网将由一套最佳控制算法组成，用于在功率流和电压中抑制振荡，并在具有成本效益和网络安全分布式计算基础架构之上实现，该计算由高速广泛网络连接，这些基础网络连接，这些网络是动态可编程和可协调的。如果在未来五年内，确实需要实施，那么在美国范围内的通信网络确实需要实施，那么建造壁画的价值将是双重（1），那么电源系统运营商必须清楚地了解各种形式的延迟，数据包损耗和安全威胁如何影响这些控制循环的稳定性。 （2）此外，必须通过参与公用事业公司之间的联合决策过程在经济上可行和可持续发展，并测试控制措施如何在促进这种经济学方面发挥潜在作用。当前，对PMU数据传输协议如何导致各种延迟模式或决定经济投资的洞察力非常有限。 Fresco将从小型原型网格模型开始到拥有数万公共汽车的所有这些问题。我们的最终目标是使壁画完全开源以进行过渡到练习（TTP）。我们将与罗利的两家本地软件公司合作，即Green Energy Corporation and实时创新公司，使用数据分配服务（DDS）技术开发可扩展，安全的中间件。因此，在项目范围内，我们还希望通过新的控制和管理功能丰富最先进的云计算和网络技术。从技术角度来看，壁画将回答三个主要的研究问题。首先，可以与通信延迟同步的宽面积控制器可以使闭环系统具有弹性和延迟感知，而不仅仅是延迟耐耐耐受性，这一点尤其重要，因为在大多数实际情况下，PMU数据必须在共享的资源上互相运输，并与正在进行的应用程序相连，而不仅会造成不断的途径，但也不仅会造成大量运输，而且还要大量运输，而是大量的途径。仲裁网络控制设计的高级想法将用于解决此问题。我们解决的第二个问题是费用。鉴于这个大区域控制中有几个参与者，每个参与者愿意为与他人共享网络成本支付多少钱，以支持支持系统范围的控制目标，而与当前选择自私反馈控制的做法仅使用合作游戏理论来调查此问题。最后一个问题解决了安全性如何开发科学方法来评估风险，并减轻广阔区域控制中的安全攻击？使用贝叶斯和马尔可夫模型，游戏理论以及离散事件模拟的攻击防御模式的统计和结构分析将用于解决此问题。实验演示将使用DeTer-Wams网络进行，展示网络创新对能源基础设施可持续性的重要性。研究结果将通过期刊出版物播出，并在NCSU，MIT和USC之间共同组织的研究生课程。