A Test Of Seasonal Models Of Early Holocene Subsistence And Settlement Strategies

全新世早期生存和定居策略季节性模型的检验

• 批准号: 1530628
• 负责人: John O'Shea
• 金额: $ 18.98万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-15 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1530628&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Test; Seasonal; Models; Early; Holocene

Dr. John O'Shea, of the University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropological Archaeology, and an interdisciplinary team of archaeologists, computer scientists, and ecologists will investigate the early occupation of the Great Lakes region as preserved on landscapes that are now submerged. The withdrawal of the continental ice sheets resulted in large fluctuations in the water levels of the newly formed Great Lakes. While archaeological sites associated with high water levels are preserved on land, those associated with low water stages are hidden beneath the Great Lakes. With NSF support it has been shown that sites associated with the primary low water stand (Lake Stanley stage, 9900- 7500 years ago) are preserved underwater and provide a unique record of the early human occupation during a time that is very poorly known on land. This research will provide a view of the early settlement and subsistence that is unattainable on land, and fill a critical gap in the understanding of how human societies adjusted to changing environmental circumstances at the end of the Ice Age. The research will provide important comparative data on prehistoric caribou populations and procurement that will complement accounts from historical and ethnographic sources, and provide a detailed environmental and ecological record of this important transition time in the Great Lakes. The research will create synergistic interactions among a broad range of academic disciplines, promote international collaboration among American and Canadian scholars, and provide international research experience for American graduate and undergraduate students. It will also contribute to the development of innovative and cost-effective approaches to underwater research. The results of the investigation will be disseminated broadly to contemporary scholars concerned with the changing environments of the Great Lakes, and to the general public via museum exhibitions, workshops, and public lectures.Dr. O'Shea and the research team will investigate the Alpena-Amberley Ridge (AAR), a submerged feature beneath Lake Huron, which was a dry land corridor linking northern Michigan with southern Ontario during the most extreme low water stage. The unique setting of the AAR will be used to evaluate a series of questions concerning the seasonal and organizational character of the human occupation in light of more recent examples of caribou hunting adaptations in northern circumpolar regions. The research will also investigate how these early Holocene strategies become transformed into the broad spectrum economies that characterize the later Archaic period in the Great Lakes. The field investigations couple fine grained remote mapping of archaeological sites within a series of four micro-regions on the lake bottom using sonars and remote operated vehicles (ROVs) with the testing and excavation of preserved sites by SCUBA-trained archaeologists.

密歇根大学人类学考古博物馆的约翰·奥谢博士和一个由考古学家、计算机科学家和生态学家组成的跨学科团队将调查五大湖地区早期被占领的情况，以及现在已被淹没的景观。 大陆冰盖的退缩导致新形成的五大湖水位大幅波动。 与高水位相关的考古遗址保留在陆地上，而与低水位相关的考古遗址则隐藏在五大湖下方。 在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，与主要低水位（斯坦利湖阶段，距今 9900-7500 年前）相关的遗址被保存在水下，并提供了早期人类在陆地上鲜为人知的时期占领的独特记录。 。 这项研究将提供对陆地上无法实现的早期定居和生存的看法，并填补对冰河时代末期人类社会如何适应不断变化的环境条件的理解的关键空白。 该研究将提供有关史前驯鹿种群和采购的重要比较数据，以补充历史和人种学来源的记录，并提供五大湖这一重要过渡时期的详细环境和生态记录。 该研究将在广泛的学科之间建立协同互动，促进美国和加拿大学者之间的国际合作，并为美国研究生和本科生提供国际研究经验。 它还将有助于开发创新且具有成本效益的水下研究方法。 调查结果将广泛传播给关注五大湖环境变化的当代学者，并通过博物馆展览、研讨会和公开讲座向公众传播。奥谢和研究小组将调查阿尔皮纳-安伯利山脊（AAR），这是休伦湖下方的一个水下特征，在最极端的低水位期间，休伦湖是连接密歇根州北部和安大略省南部的旱地走廊。 AAR 的独特设置将用于根据北部环极地区驯鹿狩猎适应的最新实例来评估有关人类占领的季节和组织特征的一系列问题。 该研究还将调查这些早期全新世战略如何转变为代表五大湖晚期古风时期特征的广泛经济。 现场调查将使用声纳和遥控潜水器 (ROV) 对湖底一系列四个微观区域内的考古遗址进行细粒度远程测绘，并由受过水肺训练的考古学家对保存下来的遗址进行测试和挖掘。