Paths to Bronze Age Complexity: Monitoring the Rise of Pecica "Santul Mare"

通往青铜时代复杂性的道路：监测佩西卡“Santul Mare”的崛起

• 批准号: 1264315
• 负责人: John O'Shea
• 金额: $ 37.79万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-03-01 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1264315&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Paths; Bronze; Age; Complexity; Monitoring

With National Science Foundation Support, Dr. John O'Shea and an international team of colleagues from the United States, Romania, Hungary, and Italy will renew archaeological excavations at the site of Pecica "ªanþul Mare" in southwestern Romania. The great tell of Pecica "ªanþul Mare" is among the most important Bronze Age sites in Europe, and was a major center for the production and trade of bronze tools, ornaments and weapons. Previous National Science Foundation supported research has shown that Pecica was a complex polity with centralized public architecture, craft specialists, and segregated social strata. The research also demonstrated that Pecica was deeply involved in the spread of domestic horses, and possibly also chariots, into Europe. While this prior work presented a picture of Pecica at its peak, and of its rapid collapse, the present research effort is concerned with understanding how Pecica rose to prominence. The remaining archaeological layers at Pecica hold a unique record of the internal and external factors which brought the Pecica society into existence. The excavations will provide a detailed view of the emergence of Pecica as a major regional center and clarify the context of this development, both among the contemporary local communities and within the larger regional networks of the European Bronze Age. The research will contribute to our understanding of how social inequality and complexity develop, and highlight a form of societal organization that is central to cultural developments in the European Bronze Age but which may differ from the complex chiefdom type organization seen in other parts of the World. The excavation will generate important new information relating to the development and organization of metallurgy and craft production, and provide critical evidence relating to the Bronze Age subsistence and productive economies, and particularly to the transformative spread of the domestic horse and associated transport technologies into Europe. Finally, the excavations will provide a complete record of not only the material culture of this important EU Cultural Heritage site, but also of the Bronze Age climate and environment, and particularly the cultural impacts of Pecica's development on the local and regional environment that may be linked to significant environmental deteriorations at the end of the Middle Bronze Age.Apart from understanding the settlement of Pecica, itself, the research promises a number of broader benefits. The work at Pecica will contribute to the larger research effort in the Carpathian Basin Bronze Age. Concurrent research projects in Hungary, Romania, and Serbia are combining to provide a macro-regional dataset for archaeological research that is unique in Europe and may rival places such as the Valley of Mexico or Oaxaca as a laboratory for the study of culture change. The research provides international research experience for American graduate and undergraduate students, and provides training opportunities for beginning and advanced Romanian students. The collaborative and interdisciplinary effort provides training benefits to all participants, senior and junior alike, and is supporting innovations in research design and excavation strategies within Romania. The project is also contributing to the infrastructure of archaeological research by providing improved curation and access for the archaeological collections from this important site.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，约翰·奥希亚（John O'Shea）博士以及来自美国，罗马尼亚，匈牙利和意大利的国际同事团队将在罗马尼亚西南部的佩西卡“ªanÞul马雷”所在地续签考古发掘。佩奇卡（Pecica）“ªanÞulMare”的伟大讲述是欧洲最重要的青铜时代之一，并且是青铜工具，装饰品和武器生产和贸易的主要中心。先前的国家科学基金会支持研究表明，Pecica是一个复杂的政治，拥有集中的公共建筑，手工艺专家和隔离的社会阶层。该研究还表明，佩奇卡（Pecica）深深地参与了国内马匹，甚至还有战车的传播。尽管这项先前的工作在其顶峰及其迅速崩溃时呈现了一张Pecica的图片，但目前的研究工作与了解Pecica如何提高。佩奇卡（Pecica）的其余档案是内部和外部因素的独特记录，这些因素和外部因素使佩奇卡社会的存在。该发掘将提供详细的看法，以了解Pecica作为主要区域中心的出现，并阐明这一发展的背景，包括当代地方社区以及欧洲青铜时代更大的区域网络。这项研究将为我们理解社会不平等和复杂性的发展做出贡献，并突出一种社会组织形式，这是欧洲青铜时代文化发展至关重要的一种社会组织，但可能与世界其他地区的复杂酋长类型组织有所不同。该发掘将产生与冶金和工艺生产的开发和组织有关的重要新信息，并提供与青铜时代的生存和生产性经济有关的关键证据，尤其是与国内马和相关运输技术进入欧洲的变革性传播。最后，发掘将不仅提供这个重要的欧盟文化遗产地点的物质文化，还可以提供青铜时代的气候和环境，尤其是Pecica的发展对当地和区域环境的文化影响，这些影响可能与Bronze Age的结束时有关，从而使Pecica的设置构成了良好的设置，该研究的范围是，这些都可以与中间的brone剂时代相关。 Pecica的工作将有助于喀尔巴阡盆地青铜时代的更大研究工作。匈牙利，罗马尼亚和塞尔维亚的并发研究项目正在合并为考古研究提供宏观区域数据集，该数据集在欧洲是独一无二的，可能会冒险，例如墨西哥谷或瓦哈卡山脉，作为文化变化研究的实验室。这项研究为美国研究生和本科生提供了国际研究经验，并为罗马尼亚学生提供培训机会。合作和跨学科的工作为所有参与者，高级和初级提供了培训优势，并支持罗马尼亚境内研究设计和发掘策略的创新。该项目还通过改善了该重要地点的考古收藏的策划和访问权限，为考古研究的基础设施做出了贡献。