RUI: Thermodynamics of Nucleation: From Water to Atmospheric Aerosols

RUI：成核热力学：从水到大气气溶胶

• 批准号: 1508556
• 负责人: George Shields
• 金额: $ 33.31万
• 依托单位: Bucknell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-15 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1508556&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Thermodynamics; Nucleation; Water; Atmospheric

With this award, the Environmental Chemical Sciences Program of the Division of Chemistry is funding Professor George Shields of Bucknell University to determine structures and energies of molecular complexes relevant to atmospheric aerosols. These complexes are formed from water molecules, sulfuric acid molecules, and other trace molecules found in the atmosphere. These complexes are important because they are relate to the fundamental basis of how clouds form, and the mechanism for cloud formation is currently not known. The project is also having a broad impact through its model of a sustained and productive undergraduate research experience involving the same students, including minorities and women, throughout their undergraduate years.Professor George Shields and co-workers are purusing a joint computational/experimental study toward establishing the minimum energy structures and the thermodynamics for formation of hydrogen-bonded complexes. These studies allow for the assessment of the ability of state-of-the-art computational chemistry methods to model water clusters that can be directly compared, and help guide state-of-the-art microwave spectroscopy experiments. The Shields group is determining the structures and thermodynamics of molecular clusters containing sulfuric acid, bases, and water, that are believed to serve as neutral and ionic cloud condensation nuclei. These methods are expected to allow for the prediction of the relative abundance of all potentially relevant complexes, providing insight on which ones are of atmospheric importance in the cloud nucleation process. In a much broader sense, the techniques being developed here may provide atmospheric scientists with new ways to relate air quality/composition to cloud nucleation/pattern development.

凭借该奖项，化学系的环境化学科学项目正在资助巴克内尔大学的乔治·希尔兹教授确定与大气气溶胶相关的分子复合物的结构和能量。 这些复合物由水分子、硫酸分子和大气中发现的其他微量分子形成。 这些复合体很重要，因为它们与云形成的基本原理有关，而云形成的机制目前尚不清楚。 该项目还通过其持续和富有成效的本科生研究经验模型产生了广泛的影响，该模型涉及相同的学生，包括少数族裔和女性，在整个本科阶段。乔治希尔兹教授和同事正在寻求一项联合计算/实验研究建立氢键配合物形成的最小能量结构和热力学。这些研究可以评估最先进的计算化学方法对可直接比较的水簇进行建模的能力，并有助于指导最先进的微波光谱实验。 希尔兹小组正在确定含有硫酸、碱和水的分子簇的结构和热力学，这些分子簇被认为是中性和离子云凝结核。 这些方法预计将能够预测所有潜在相关复合物的相对丰度，从而深入了解哪些复合物在云成核过程中具有大气重要性。 从更广泛的意义上讲，这里开发的技术可能为大气科学家提供将空气质量/成分与云成核/模式发展联系起来的新方法。