Coordination, Data Management and Enhancement of the International Arctic Buoy Programme

国际北极浮标计划的协调、数据管理和加强

• 批准号: 1503672
• 负责人: Ignatius Rigor
• 金额: $ 44.58万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-03-15 至 2019-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1503672&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Coordination; Data; Management; Enhancement; International

Dramatic changes in Arctic climate have occurred during the past two decades. Many of these changes were first observed and studied using data from the International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP), which maintains at least 100 buoys in the Arctic Ocean that collect data on surface water temperature, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and ice motion. These data are analyzed and made available to the research community by the United States IABP. IABP data were fundamental in demonstrating that atmospheric pressure has decreased, air temperature has increased, and the clockwise circulation of current and ice in the Arctic Ocean has weakened in recent decades. The integrated effect of all these changes contributed to the precipitous decrease in the average age (thickness) of sea ice observed during this period. The data help us understand the recent record low summer sea ice extents. The project will continue the United States interagency Arctic buoy program which began collecting data in 1979 and provide critical atmospheric, ice, and surface ocean measurements that cannot be obtained by other means. The project also has a multifaceted outreach program to share science with the public that includes the principal investigator participating in programs such as the Polar Science Weekend, public presentations, K-12 school visits, and public communication through interactions with journalists. The observations from the IABP have been essential for: 1) monitoring Arctic and global climate change, 2) forecasting weather and sea ice conditions, 3) forcing, assimilation, and validation of global weather and climate models and, 4) validation of satellite derived estimates of sea ice motion, surface temperature, sea ice thickness, etc. Our ability to predict weather and sea ice conditions requires in situ observations of surface meteorology and ice motion. These observations are assimilated into Numerical Weather Prediction models that are used to forecast weather on synoptic time scales, e.g. by the National Weather Service; and into the many long-term atmospheric re-analyses (e.g. National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research re-analysis) that are used for innumerable climate studies. Based on a recommendation by the National Academy of Sciences in 1974, the Arctic Ocean Buoy Program was established by the Pacific Science Center/Applied Physics laboratory, University of Washington, in 1978 to support the Global Weather Experiment. The program continued through 1990 under funding from various agencies. In 1991, the IABP succeeded the Arctic Ocean Buoy Program, but the basic objective remains unchanged: maintaining a network of drifting buoys on the Arctic Ocean to provide meteorological and oceanographic data for real-time operational requirements and research purposes including support to the World Climate Research Program, the World Weather Watch Program, and the Arctic Observing Network. The project will collect data from all Arctic buoys, analyze, disseminate, and archive all IABP data, and maintain historical data bases.

在过去的二十年中，北极气候发生了巨大变化。首先使用国际北极浮标计划（IABP）的数据对这些变化进行了观察和研究，该数据在北极海洋中保持了至少100个浮标，该数据收集了有关地表水温，空气温度，大气压和冰运动的数据。这些数据已分析并由美国IABP提供给研究社区。 IABP数据对于证明大气压力降低，空气温度升高，北极海洋中电流和冰的顺时针循环量降低了，近几十年来，空气温度升高，空气温度升高，空气温度升高，空气温度升高，近几十年来，IABP数据的衰减是至关重要的。所有这些变化的综合作用导致在此期间观察到的海冰的平均年龄（厚度）急剧下降。这些数据有助于我们了解最近创纪录的低夏季海冰。该项目将继续美国机构间北极浮标计划，该计划于1979年开始收集数据，并提供至关重要的大气，冰和表面海洋测量，这些测量无法通过其他方式获得。该项目还具有一项多方面的外展计划，可以与公众分享科学，其中包括参与Polar Science Weekend，公共演讲，K-12学校访问和通过与记者互动等计划的计划，公众演讲，K-12学校访问和公共交流。 The observations from the IABP have been essential for: 1) monitoring Arctic and global climate change, 2) forecasting weather and sea ice conditions, 3) forcing, assimilation, and validation of global weather and climate models and, 4) validation of satellite derived estimates of sea ice motion, surface temperature, sea ice thickness, etc. Our ability to predict weather and sea ice conditions requires in situ observations of surface meteorology and ice motion.这些观察结果被吸收到数值天气预测模型中，这些模型用于预测天气时间尺度上的天气，例如由国家气象局；并进入许多长期大气重新分析（例如国家环境预测中心/国家大气研究重新分析中心），用于无数的气候研究。根据1974年国家科学院的建议，北极海洋浮标计划是由华盛顿大学的太平洋科学中心/应用物理实验室建立的，以支持全球天气实验。该计划一直持续到1990年，这些机构的资助。 1991年，IABP成功了北极海洋浮标计划，但基本目标保持不变：维持在北极海洋上漂移浮标网络，以提供气象和海洋学数据，以实时运营需求和研究目的，包括对世界气候研究计划，世界气候观察计划，北极观察网络的支持。该项目将从所有北极浮标中收集数据，分析，传播和存档所有IABP数据，并维护历史数据库。