Unraveling the Unique Properties of Transient Discharges in Bubbles and Liquid Water

揭示气泡和液态水中瞬态放电的独特性质

• 批准号: 1500135
• 负责人: Peter Bruggeman
• 金额: $ 34.2万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1500135&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Unraveling; Unique; Properties; Transient; Discharges

This project is focused on the understanding of the production of reactive species when plasmas interact with liquids. Plasmas in and in contact with liquids are one of the most exciting and important intellectual frontiers in plasma science, with broad potential applications ranging from environmental remediation and green chemistry to biomedical applications. The complex interaction of plasmas with liquids offers a rich source of short-lived chemically reactive species, many of which are critical for chemical and biological applications. Plasmas are often considered to be an advanced oxidation technology for liquid waste treatment and also have great promise in the destruction of pharmaceuticals in drinking water. The presence of these pharmaceuticals in the water supply is an increasing public concern and for several cases no alternative technologies exist to remove them from drinking water. In addition, plasmas in liquids can be used for environmentally friendly chemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen and even nanoparticles. Producing hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide from water with better energy efficiency than electrolysis or other chemical processes would be a major step forward. The nanoparticles in the context of advanced material science could also strongly affect energy research that increasingly uses complex nanostructured materials. Since energy efficiency is often a bottleneck for applications of plasmas in liquids, a better understanding of the reactive species production in these plasmas is the necessary step to lead to a breakthrough in technologies based on plasmas in liquids. To date, progress in the field of plasmas in liquids has been hindered by the lack of quantitative correlations between plasma properties and the plasma induced liquid phase chemistry. The key idea of this project is to generate a non-equilibrium plasma filament in liquid water by a nanosecond pulsed high voltage supply in a needle-needle electrode geometry. This offers an excellent control of the plasma dynamics and allows detailed investigation of a stabilized plasma filament. The short-lived reactive species production mechanisms will be investigated both temporally and spatially resolved by a combination of advanced laser diagnostics. In addition, plasma induced liquid reactivity will be measured and a direct link between plasma chemistry and liquid phase chemistry will be established. This is expected to lead to the necessary knowledge for optimizing and establishing many promising applications as stated above. This project enables education of students and a post-doctoral researcher in the cross-disciplinary field of plasma engineering. The outcomes of this work will be used to extend an existing graduate course on Plasma Technology to cover non-equilibrium liquid phase plasmas including laboratory demonstrations. Within the framework of the project, collaboration with the Science Museum of Minnesota will be initiated to establish an exhibit about plasmas.

该项目的重点是了解等离子体与液体相互作用时活性物质的产生。 液体中或与液体接触的等离子体是等离子体科学中最令人兴奋和最重要的知识前沿之一，具有广泛的潜在应用，从环境修复、绿色化学到生物医学应用。等离子体与液体的复杂相互作用提供了丰富的短寿命化学活性物质来源，其中许多对于化学和生物应用至关重要。等离子体通常被认为是一种用于液体废物处理的高级氧化技术，并且在销毁饮用水中的药物方面也具有巨大的前景。供水系统中这些药物的存在日益受到公众关注，在某些情况下，不存在替代技术可以将它们从饮用水中去除。此外，液体等离子体可用于过氧化氢、氢气甚至纳米颗粒的环保化学合成。与电解或其他化学过程相比，以更高的能源效率从水中生产氢气和过氧化氢将是向前迈出的一大步。 先进材料科学背景下的纳米颗粒也可能强烈影响越来越多地使用复杂纳米结构材料的能源研究。由于能源效率通常是液体等离子体应用的瓶颈，因此更好地了解这些等离子体中的活性物质产生是实现基于液体等离子体的技术突破的必要步骤。迄今为止，由于等离子体性质与等离子体诱导的液相化学之间缺乏定量相关性，液体等离子体领域的进展受到阻碍。该项目的关键思想是通过针针电极几何结构中的纳秒脉冲高压电源在液态水中产生非平衡等离子体灯丝。这提供了对等离子体动力学的出色控制，并允许对稳定的等离子体灯丝进行详细研究。将通过结合先进的激光诊断技术在时间和空间上解决短寿命活性物质的产生机制。此外，还将测量等离子体诱导的液体反应性，并建立等离子体化学和液相化学之间的直接联系。预计这将为优化和建立如上所述的许多有前途的应用程序带来必要的知识。 该项目能够对等离子体工程跨学科领域的学生和博士后研究员进行教育。这项工作的成果将用于扩展现有的等离子体技术研究生课程，以涵盖非平衡液相等离子体，包括实验室演示。在该项目框架内，将启动与明尼苏达科学博物馆的合作，举办有关等离子体的展览。