Improving Our Understanding of Liquefaction-Induced Displacements: Integration of Remote Sensing Data and Field Data from the 2010/2011 New Zealand Earthquakes

提高我们对液化引起的位移的理解：整合 2010/2011 年新西兰地震的遥感数据和现场数据

• 批准号: 1462855
• 负责人: Ellen Rathje
• 金额: $ 37.79万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1462855&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Improving; Our; Understanding; Liquefaction; Induced

Liquefaction is a significant seismic hazard in which the induced ground movements cause severe damage to the built environment. Our understanding of the consequences of liquefaction is hampered by the limited field data that exist regarding liquefaction-induced movements (e.g., lateral spreading) during previous earthquakes. This project will investigate liquefaction-induced lateral spreading during the 2010 Darfield and 2011 Christchurch earthquakes in New Zealand using displacements derived from satellite imagery and LIDAR. These displacements will be integrated with subsurface, topographic, and geologic data to improve our understanding of the factors that influence liquefaction-induced lateral spreading displacements. The results of this work potentially will have far-reaching impact on geotechnical engineering because of new insights into the phenomenon of lateral spreading provided by the dense spatial resolution of the deformations measured by the remote sensing techniques. This work will substantiate a new displacement monitoring technique for the geotechnical community such that future earthquake studies and hazard mapping can take advantage of these techniques. With a combination of improved sensors (e.g., 50-cm resolution optical satellite imagery, 1-m resolution LIDAR) and advanced processing algorithms (e.g., precise georeferencing between images and datasets), it is now possible to monitor sub-meter displacements via remote sensing and at fine spatial resolution on the ground. The unprecedented spatial resolution of the deformations produced by remote sensing combined with the availability of an enormous amount of subsurface data in Christchurch provide a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of the characteristics that influence liquefaction-induced lateral deformations. The project also will involve detailed geologic mapping and interpretation by engineering geologists, and this information will be used to gain further insights into the geologic constraints that influence the observed displacement patterns and lateral spread kinematics. These data will allow us to investigate the influence and interconnections of the subsurface characteristics, spatial variability, geologic conditions, topography, ground motions, etc. on the observed movements; this understanding will improve both empirical and numerical models for predicting lateral spread displacements.

液化是一种重大的地震灾害，引起的地面运动会对建筑环境造成严重破坏。 我们对液化后果的理解受到有关先前地震期间液化引起的运动（例如横向扩散）的有限现场数据的阻碍。 该项目将利用卫星图像和激光雷达得出的位移来调查新西兰 2010 年达菲尔德地震和 2011 年基督城地震期间液化引起的横向扩散。 这些位移将与地下、地形和地质数据相结合，以提高我们对影响液化引起的横向扩散位移的因素的理解。 这项工作的结果可能会对岩土工程产生深远的影响，因为遥感技术测量的变形的密集空间分辨率提供了对横向扩展现象的新见解。 这项工作将为岩土工程界证实一种新的位移监测技术，以便未来的地震研究和灾害绘图可以利用这些技术。 结合改进的传感器（例如，50 厘米分辨率光学卫星图像、1 米分辨率激光雷达）和先进的处理算法（例如，图像和数据集之间的精确地理配准），现在可以通过远程监控亚米级位移在地面上进行传感和精细空间分辨率。 遥感产生的变形的前所未有的空间分辨率与基督城大量地下数据的可用性相结合，为我们提高对影响液化引起的横向变形的特征的理解提供了独特的机会。 该项目还将涉及工程地质学家进行详细的地质测绘和解释，这些信息将用于进一步了解影响观测到的位移模式和横向扩展运动学的地质约束。 这些数据将使我们能够研究地下特征、空间变化、地质条件、地形、地面运动等对观测到的运动的影响和相互联系；这种理解将改进预测横向扩展位移的经验模型和数值模型。