Monolithic Nanofabrication: A Bottom-up Approach for Manufacturing Nanotextured Surfaces

单片纳米加工：自下而上制造纳米纹理表面的方法

• 批准号: 1462633
• 负责人: Teri Odom
• 金额: $ 25万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-05-01 至 2020-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1462633&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Monolithic; Nanofabrication; Bottom; up; Approach

Nanofabrication techniques typically rely on additive or subtractive methods in order to achieve nanostructured substrates. Additive manufacturing involves the building up of a three-dimensional object by direct-writing or printing of a digitally designed object. Subtractive manufacturing uses etching and other processes to remove solid material from a bulk sample. However, extension of these approaches to the nanoscale and in a high-throughput manner is challenging. This award supports an entirely different strategy for surface texturing at the nanoscale?monolithic nanofabrication?by first creating a thin layer on a thermo-polymer with plasma gases and then relieving the strain in the system. Since surface nanotextures form spontaneously across the entire surface upon compression, the technique is massively parallel. Key advantages of monolithic nanofabrication include simplicity and scalability especially since the polymer substrates (without nanopatterns) are already in use on shrink-wrapped buses. Large-area, hierarchical nanotextures in functional materials are important in a range of applications, including self-cleaning windows, water collection, photovoltaics, bio-fouling, and reduced friction and drag. This research is multi-disciplinary and involves the disciplines of manufacturing, mechanics, chemistry, and materials science. Products of monolithic nanofabrication will be integrated in nanopatterning modules for high school students within the NSF Materials World Network framework, in hands-on activities for public outreach events on nanomanufacturing, and in freshmen chemistry labs on polymers and surface hydrophobicity.The development of monolithic nanofabrication will open new approaches to control disorder at the nanoscale and the microscale. Most large-area nanopatterning methods aim to produce periodic structures at ever smaller length scales. Well-ordered patterns are often not necessary, however, for an increasing range of applications. This work aims to manipulate local and long-range nanoscale disorder simultaneously on a single substrate thus making hierarchical nanotextures and hence enable unconventional applications. The major nanomanufacturing processing outcomes of this project are: (1) determining parameters to observe nano-fold and self-similar wrinkle formation; and (2) demonstrating how an all-chemical treatment of thermoplastics can generate a tunable mix of ordered and disordered nanopatterns. The major product outcomes include: (1) substrates with in-plane nanotextures with three or more wrinkle wavelengths; (2) nanotextured substrates with control over ordered and disordered regions; and (3) hierarchical nanotextures in functional materials. This platform is well-suited to extract the fundamental principles of how plasma gases react with soft materials to produce local nano-wrinkling. The scalability of the spontaneous texturing process and commercial availability of thermoplastics make monolithic nanofabrication a practical nanomanufacturing strategy.

纳米制作技术通常依赖于添加剂或减法方法来实现纳米结构的底物。添加剂制造涉及通过直接编写或打印数字设计的对象来构建三维对象。减法制造业使用蚀刻和其他过程来从大量样品中删除固体材料。但是，将这些方法扩展到纳米级，并以高通量的方式扩展是具有挑战性的。该奖项支持在纳米级的表面纹理的完全不同的策略？单层纳米制造？首先在带有等离子体气体的热聚合物上创建薄层，然后在系统中缓解菌株。由于压缩后整个表面自发形成表面纳米纹状体，因此该技术非常平行。整体纳米化的关键优势包括简单性和可扩展性，尤其是因为聚合物底物（无纳米模式）已经在收缩包裹的总线上使用。功能材料中的大区域，分层纳米纹理在一系列应用中很重要，包括自我清洁的窗户，水收集，光伏，生物污染以及减少的摩擦和阻力。这项研究是多学科的，涉及制造，力学，化学和材料科学的学科。整体纳米制造的产品将在NSF材料世界网络框架内的高中学生的纳米图案模块中进行整合，从事有关纳米制造的公共外展活动的动手活动以及在聚合物和表面疏水性的新生化学实验室中。大多数大区域纳米图案方法旨在以较小的长度尺度产生周期性结构。但是，对于增加的应用范围，通常不需要订购的模式。这项工作旨在同时在单个底物上操纵局部和远程纳米级障碍，从而使层次纳米纹理产生非常规的应用。该项目的主要纳米制造处理结果是：（1）确定参数以观察纳米折叠和自相似的皱纹形成； （2）证明热塑性塑料的全化处理如何产生有序和无序的纳米文素的可调节混合物。主要产品结果包括：（1）具有三个或三个或更多皱纹波长的平面纳米XT底物； （2）对有序和无序区域控制的纳米刺激底物； （3）功能材料中的分层纳米纹理。该平台非常适合提取血浆气体如何与软材料反应以产生局部纳米扭曲的基本原理。热塑料的自发纹理过程和商业可用性的可扩展性使整体纳米制造成为一种实用的纳米制造策略。