Experimental Investigations of Peridotite-H2O-CO2 Interactions under Hydrothermal Conditions: A Study of Carbon Sequestration and Abiotic Synthesis of Organic Compounds

水热条件下橄榄岩-H2O-CO2相互作用的实验研究：碳封存和有机化合物非生物合成的研究

• 批准号: 1427274
• 负责人: Frieder Klein
• 金额: $ 29.97万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1427274&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; Investigations; Peridotite; H2O; CO2

The reaction of some rocks found on Earth's surface with carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in surface and subsurface waters can result in mineral reactions that remove CO2 from the fluid. This, in turn, removes CO2 from the atmosphere in a process called carbon sequestration. Under the right conditions, the same reactions can cause the formation of organic compounds in a process called abiotic synthesis which results in the formation of organic compounds from inorganic chemical species. If we better understand processes of carbon sequestration involving natural rock systems, we may be able to devise efficient and effective means for reducing atmospheric CO2 by locking atmospheric carbon up in minerals. A better understanding of how organic compounds form from inorganic materials and interactions with minerals will help us better understand how microbes that live deep in Earth's subsurface are able to survive and thrive in environments where they are isolated from conventional sources of the organic material. This research provides fundamental experimental data and thermodynamic parameters that improve our understanding of how rocks (i.e. peridotites) that are common on the seafloor and also that occur in some places on land react with CO2-charged aqueous fluids to precipitate the mineral serpentine (i.e. a process called serpentinization) and minerals containing carbon (i.e., carbonates). Experiments will also examine how the same reactions reduce carbon from CO2 to form hydrocarbons that can serve as food for microbes living deep inside the Earth in rocks and sediments. Broader impacts of the work include broadening participation of groups under-represented in the sciences by engaging Puerto Rican undergraduates in research and bringing them to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as Woods Hole Summer Student Fellows. Students will remain in residence for 10 to 12 weeks and participate in the experimental work. The effort also includes close interaction between a faculty member at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez and researchers at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts. Additional impacts include training of a female PhD student and interaction between the scientists and high school students at the Falmouth Academy near Woods Hole MA. The interaction with the Academy will include lectures and visits to the experimental lab at Woods Hole so students can see, first hand, what it is like to do science and what tools and approaches scientists use.To achieve research goals, laboratory experiments will be run in Dixon bombs at temperatures from 200 to 300 C, 35 MPa, and water-to-rock ratios found in natural seafloor hydrothermal systems. Each experiment will last for several months and involve the reaction of peridotite (lherzolite) and minerals (olivine) with CO2-charged fluids. Experiments have been designed to cause the formation and growth of serpentine and carbonate minerals from starting materials. Changes in fluid composition will be monitored over the duration of the experiments, as will the compositional changes in system solids. Special attention will be paid to the formation of carbonate minerals of various types and the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds in particular CO2, H2, HCOOH, CO, CH3OH, and CH4. Run reactants and products will be characterized and examined by petrographic and spectroscopic techniques. Using these resulting data, correlations will be made between mineral replacement reactions and fluid chemical changes. Additionally, changes in fluid chemistry will be used to determine stable and metastable heterogeneous phase equilibria, reaction pathways, and kinetic rates of both serpentinization and mineral carbonation reactions. Reaction path models will be used for the system Mg-Si-Fe-Al-Ca-Na-K-O-H-C both to help design the experiments and analyze results using thermodynamic and kinetic constraints.

在地面上发现的一些岩石与二氧化碳（CO2）溶解在地面和地下水域上的反应会导致矿物反应从流体中去除CO2。 反过来，这在一个称为碳固存的过程中从大气中去除了二氧化碳。在正确的条件下，相同的反应会在称为非生物合成的过程中导致有机化合物的形成，从而导致形成无机化学物种的有机化合物。如果我们更好地了解涉及天然岩石系统的碳固换过程，我们可能能够通过将大气碳锁定在矿物质中，从而设计有效有效的方法来减少大气二氧化碳。更好地理解来自无机材料的有机化合物以及与矿物质的相互作用如何形成的，这将有助于我们更好地了解地球地下深处的微生物如何能够在与有机材料的常规来源隔离的环境中生存和繁荣。这项研究提供了基本的实验数据和热力学参数，可以提高我们对海底上常见的岩石（即橄榄岩）的理解，以及在某些地方发生在陆地上的某些地方发生的与CO2电荷水的反应，以沉淀出矿物蛇纹石（即称为蛇形化的过程）和含有较小的碳酸盐（即含有碳酸盐）（即含有Carbonate Carboning Carbon）（carbonate）（carbonate）（carbonate）。实验还将检查相同的反应如何减少从二氧化碳中的碳形成碳氢化合物，这些碳碳可以用作岩石和沉积物中地球深处的微生物的食物。这项工作的更广泛的影响包括通过与波多黎各大学的本科生参与研究，并将他们带到伍兹霍尔海洋学机构，以扩大科学中代表性不足的团体的参与，因为伍兹霍尔夏季学生的研究员。 学生将在居住期间呆10到12周，并参加实验工作。 这项工作还包括波多黎各大学，玛雅格斯大学的一名教职员工与马萨诸塞州伍兹霍尔海洋学机构的研究人员之间的互动。其他影响包括对女博士生的培训以及科学家和高中生在马萨诸塞州伍兹霍尔附近的科学家和高中生之间的互动。 与学院的互动将包括讲座和访问伍兹孔的实验实验室，以便学生可以看到，第一手，进行科学的感觉以及科学家使用哪些工具和方法。为了实现研究目标，在200至300 c，35 C，35 MPA，35 MPA和Water-Rock Seafos in Naturalssystroly in Naturaly Hydrothermydym hydroshymydrothermydrotheronmydrotheronmydrotheronmydrothermydrothermydrothermydrotheronmydrotheronmydrotheronmydrothermydrothermydym hydrothermydrothersys dixon bomb中均可在狄克逊炸弹中进行实验性实验。 每个实验将持续几个月，并涉及橄榄岩（lherzolite）和矿物质（橄榄石）与二氧化碳流体的反应。 实验旨在导致蛇形和碳酸盐和碳酸盐矿物质的形成和生长。在实验期间，将监测流体成分的变化，系统固体的组成变化也会受到监测。将特别注意各种类型的碳酸盐矿物质以及有机化合物的非生物合成，特别是CO2，H2，HCOOH，CO，CO，CH3OH和CH4。运行反应物和产品将通过岩石学和光谱技术进行表征和检查。使用这些结果数据，将在矿物替代反应与流体化学变化之间建立相关性。此外，流体化学的变化将用于确定蛇纹石化和矿物质碳化反应的稳定和亚稳态的异质相位平衡，反应途径和动力学速率。反应路径模型将用于系统MG-SI-FE-AL-CA-NA-K-O-H-C，以帮助设计实验并使用热力学和动力学约束分析结果。