Coastal SEES Collaborative Research: Changes in Ship-borne Introductions of Invasive Species in Coupled Natural-human Systems: Infrastructure, Global Trade, Climate and Policy

沿海 SEES 合作研究：自然-人类耦合系统中船载入侵物种引入的变化：基础设施、全球贸易、气候和政策

• 批准号: 1426973
• 负责人: James Corbett
• 金额: $ 30.03万
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1426973&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Coastal; SEES; Collaborative; Research; Changes

Ships deliver 90% of the world's goods and link all ports in a global network. That network confers large economic benefits to the U.S. economy, but can also cause unintentional negative side effects including air pollution, water pollution, and the introduction of harmful invasive species. Thousands of species, some of which become invasive, hitchhike in the ballast water of ships and on the hulls and other exposed surfaces of ships. The risk from invasive species differs among ports based on the number of ships visiting a port and the visiting ships' previous ports of call. This project analyzes the global shipping network to discover where the risk of invasion has been high and to identify where the risk may increase as a result of on-going changes in the shipping network. Predictions about past and future invasions will be tested by sequencing DNA extracted from water samples taken in or near ports to detect the presence of potentially invasive species. Large changes in the shipping network are being driven by creation and expansion of new ports (e.g., liquefied natural gas terminals), the expansion of the Panama Canal, changes in ballast water practices and policies (e.g., new rules from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Coast Guard, proposed agreements from the International Maritime Organization), and changes in climate (e.g., opening of Arctic shipping lanes as sea ice declines). Through a formal consultation process with stakeholders, project results about the risk of invasions will inform port managers, ship operators, and policy-makers who can identify opportunities for the most cost effective reductions in risk in order to maximize the benefits of shipping. This project will advance the science of big data networks, improve cutting-edge genetic sequencing methods for environmental samples, and increase the net benefits of shipping via improved information provided to the private sector, non-governmental organizations, and policy-makers. Broader impacts also include interdisciplinary training for undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, including students from the University of Puerto Rico. This project is supported as part of the National Science Foundation's Coastal Science, Engineering, and Education for Sustainability program - Coastal SEES.An integrated team of experts in network science, engineering, economics, freshwater and marine invasion biology, genomics, and marine policy will accomplish five goals: 1) develop a Nonindigenous Species Risk Assessment and Prediction System (NIS-RAPS), using novel methods of network modeling and data fusion; 2) calibrate and test NIS-RAPS predictions about invasions using cutting-edge environmental DNA (eDNA) metagenetic methods; 3) use NIS-RAPS to simulate NIS spread under future scenarios, exploring on a global scale how changing infrastructure, global trade, climate, and policy will affect NIS spread via ballast water and biofouling; 4) evaluate the effectiveness of different policies in reducing invasions using NIS-RAPS under future scenarios; and 5) use a Management Transition Board, including national and international policy makers, to choose global change and policy scenarios, and to increase the incorporation of research results into new national and international practices and policies to reduce invasions from ballast water and biofouling.

船只提供了90％的世界商品，并将全球网络中的所有端口连接起来。该网络为美国经济带来了巨大的经济利益，但也可能引起无意的负面影响，包括空气污染，水污染和引入有害的入侵物种。成千上万的物种，其中一些物种在船只的压载水以及船体和其他裸露的船只表面上搭便车。港口之间的侵入性物种的风险因参观港口的船只数量以及访问船只以前的呼叫港口而有所不同。该项目分析了全球运输网络，以发现入侵风险很高，并确定由于运输网络的持续变化而导致的风险可能会增加。关于过去和将来入侵的预测将通过测序从在端口或附近的水样中提取的DNA测试，以检测潜在的入侵物种的存在。运输网络的发生巨大变化是由新港口的创建和扩展（例如液化天然气码头），巴拿马运河扩大，压载水习惯和政策的变化（例如，美国环境保护局的新规则的变化）驱动以及美国海岸警卫队提出的国际海事组织的协议）以及气候的变化（例如，随着海冰的下降，北极航运道的开放）。通过与利益相关者的正式咨询过程，有关入侵风险的项目结果将为港口经理，船运营商和政策制定者提供通知，他们可以确定最具成本效益的风险降低风险的机会，以最大程度地提高运输福利。该项目将推进大数据网络的科学，改善环境样本的尖端遗传测序方法，并通过提供给私营部门，非政府组织和决策者的改进信息来提高运输的净益处。更广泛的影响还包括针对本科生和研究生以及博士后研究人员的跨学科培训，包括波多黎各大学的学生。该项目是国家科学基金会沿海科学，工程和可持续发展教育计划的一部分 - 沿海地区的一部分。完成五个目标：1）使用新型的网络建模和数据融合方法开发非土著风险评估和预测系统（NIS-RAP）； 2）使用最先进的环境DNA（EDNA）元素方法校准和测试NIS-RAPS预测有关入侵的预测； 3）使用NIS-Raps在未来的情况下模拟NIS扩散，并在全球范围内探索基础设施，全球贸易，气候和政策的变化将如何影响NIS通过压载水和生物污染的NIS传播； 4）评估不同策略在未来情况下使用NIS-Raps减少入侵的有效性； 5）使用包括国家和国际政策制定者在内的管理过渡委员会选择全球变化和政策情景，并将研究结果纳入新的国家和国际实践和政策，以减少压载水和生物污染物的入侵。