Coastal SEES Collaborative Research: Integration of human behavior and perception into a risk-based microbial water quality management approach

沿海 SEES 合作研究：将人类行为和感知融入基于风险的微生物水质管理方法

• 批准号: 1745934
• 负责人: Maryann Cairns
• 金额: $ 50万
• 依托单位: Southern Methodist University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1745934&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Coastal; SEES; Collaborative; Research; Integration

Exposure to wastewater-related pathogens results in millions of cases of illness and an economic burden of 12 billion USD annually worldwide. Since 90 percent of the world?s household wastewater enters the environment without being disinfected, coastal beaches are often polluted by wastewater, which can greatly impact the health of people that swim and play at the beach. Despite scientific advancements, coastal water quality monitoring approaches rely on outdated compliance practices that do not accurately identify public health risks. This project will directly measure pathogen concentrations and identify behaviors that put individuals at risk of illness from coastal water use. These risks will be quantified and assessed from cultural and biological perspectives, and subsequently used to recommend societal changes that promote benefits to human health and the sustainability of coastal ecosystems. This innovative study will advance the goals of the NSF Coastal SEES program by identifying practices that might expose people to pathogens in wastewater, improving sustainable water management approaches in the tropics, and recommending economically- and socially-feasible interventions to minimize human health risks. This project will engage many different stakeholders including community members, national governments, and international organizations in order to effectively initiate improvements in coastal water management. Community and K-12 education will be promoted through the creation of bilingual, coastal water quality modules and the interdisciplinary research community dedicated to improving water quality will be expanded through the training of three graduate students, twelve undergraduate students, and one postdoctoral researcher. This project is the first to characterize microbial water quality and associated risk of illness using a holistic water management approach (combination of sanitary surveys, targeted water quality analyses, and quantitative microbial risk assessment), which incorporates ethnographic and epidemiological studies to inform and validate microbial risk assessments. Going beyond simple, end-point risk assessments, the researchers will use exploratory quantitative microbial risk assessment to demonstrate how advancing local understanding and building knowledge regarding risk from coastal recreation can, when coupled with appropriate technological and social interventions, improve microbial water quality management and public health at a local, regional, and even global level. In collaboration with identified governmental and non-governmental stakeholders, the recommended societal changes will be strategically communicated to individuals locally and regionally. Using the polluted Costa Rican Jacó beach as a model system, this project will provide strategies to enhance coastal microbial water management worldwide by identifying improved household-wastewater pollution indicators for tropical regions, implementing an emerging holistic approach to water quality management, and incorporating the critical roles that human activities and perception play in mitigating microbial risk of illness.

与废水相关的病原体接触导致数百万疾病病例，全球经济燃烧每年120亿美元。由于世界上有90％的家庭废水进入环境而没有被消毒，因此沿海海滩通常受到废水污染，这会极大地影响在海滩游泳和玩耍的人们的健康。尽管有科学的进步，但沿海水质监测方法取决于无法准确确定公共卫生风险的过时合规实践。该项目将直接衡量病原体浓度，并确定使个人有沿海用水风险的行为。这些风险将从文化和生物学的角度量化和评估，随后用于推荐社会变革，以促进对人类健康的利益和沿海生态系统的可持续性。这项创新的研究将通过确定可能使人们接触废水中的病原体，改善热带地区的可持续水管理方法并建议在经济上和社会上可行的干预措施以最大程度地减少人类健康风险的方式，从而促进NSF沿海SEES计划的目标。该项目将吸引许多不同的利益相关者，包括社区成员，国家政府和国际组织，以有效地启动沿海水管理的改进。通过创建双语，沿海水质模块，将通过培训三名研究生，十二名本科生和一名博士后研究员来扩展社区和K-12教育。该项目是第一个使用整体水管理方法（卫生调查，有针对性的水质分析和定量微生物风险评估的结合）来表征微生物水质和相关疾病的相关风险，该方法结合了人种学和流行病学研究，以告知和验证微生物风险评估。除了简单的终点风险评估之外，研究人员将使用探索性定量微生物风险评估来证明在沿海娱乐中促进当地的理解和建立有关风险的知识，当加上适当的技术和社会干预措施时，可以改善当地，地区甚至全球层面的微生物水质管理和公共健康。与确定的政府和非政府利益相关者合作，建议的社会变革将在战略上与当地和地区的个人进行战略性传达。该项目将使用受污染的科斯塔里康·雅各海滩（Costa RicanJacóbeach）作为模型系统，通过确定改进的热带地区的家庭浪费污染指标，以增强全球沿海微生物水管理的策略，从而实施一种新兴的水质管理方法，以实施水质管理的整体方法，并提高人类活动和感知在患病风险中的关键作用，并提高人类活动和感知。