Research in Elementary Particle Physics

基本粒子物理研究

• 批准号: 1404362
• 负责人: Young-Kee Kim
• 金额: $ 357.3万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1404362&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Research; Elementary; Particle; Physics

Overview: The principal goal of experiments in modern particle physics is to uncover new physics that underlies the Standard Model. Possible approaches include the study of physics processes at the highest available collision energies at accelerators or through studies of the very rare interactions of neutrinos. The Chicago Particle Physics group has been active in both domains. Additionally the group is making significant technological contributions to the development of very fast timing detectors and is advancing a graduate program of accelerator research.Broader impacts: The Chicago group has made major contributions to the development of fast timing detectors for particle physics through the LAPPD (Large Area Picosecond Photodetector) collaboration. Such instrumentation is critical for neutrino and collider experiments described below, and is also important in other fields including applications in medicine and homeland security. The developed technology is now in a phase of transfer to industry.Additionally the Chicago group has had a very strong program of outreach to the broader community through its major contributions to programs that encourage the participation of underserved students and minorities in science such as the Enrico Fermi Summer Interns Program and their Expanding Your Horizon Program.Intellectual Merit: A goal of experiments at the highest available collision energies at the Large Hadron Collider (the LHC) at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland is to understand the nature of the Higgs Boson, recently discovered there in 2012, and to discover new physics beyond the Standard Model. These goals are relevant to the understanding of the Universe at its most fundamental level in the fleeting fraction of a second just after the Big Bang, and to why we see the Universe as we do now. To meet the challenges of this quest, new theories are advanced, new detectors and accelerators are developed and built, and new computing and analytical methodologies are created, all of which have significant broader impact for the training of young scientists in the near term and the advancement of technological benefits to society over the longer term. The next three years represent a transition of the LHC physics program from a collision energy of 8 TeV data-taking and operation, to extended operations and data taking at nearly double the energy, 13-14 TeV. Over a thousand scientists from the United States are involved with this scientific program on several major experiments. The Chicago group is one of the important groups participating in the ATLAS experiment at CERN. Their contributions include extensive involvement in the technical advancement of the experiment, leading the development of the Fast Track Trigger (the FTK) and the upgrade of the hadron Calorimetry (the TileCAL). The group's principal analytical focus will be Higgs physics, with the Higgs decay mode into b and anti-b quarks. This topology will enable important studies of Higgs properties and searches for new physics using this b - anti b decay as a tool, dark matter searches with heavy quarks, and searches for new physics using di-jet events. These studies will be greatly facilitated by the FTK and/or the TileCAL and by a jet substructure tool which has been developed by the Chicago group for the analysis of the data from first major run of the LHC, and which will be exploited in the upcoming run which begins in 2015.In Neutrino Physics the Chicago group will be completing its contributions to the reactor-based neutrino experiment called Double Chooz, which will measure the neutrino mixing angle, theta13, with both near and far detectors. Until now, the measurements from Double Chooz were from a single detector only.

概述：现代粒子物理学实验的主要目标是发现标准模型的基础的新物理学。可能的方法包括在加速器上最高可用的碰撞能量的物理过程或通过对中微子非常罕见的相互作用的研究。芝加哥粒子物理组在两个领域都活跃。 此外，该小组正在为非常快速的定时探测器的发展做出重大技术贡献，并正在推进加速器研究的研究生计划。Broader的影响：芝加哥集团通过LAPPD（大面积PicoSecond photoDetector）协作为粒子物理的快速定时探测器的开发做出了重大贡献。 这种仪器对于以下所述的中微子和对撞机实验至关重要，在其他领域也很重要，包括医学和国土安全性的应用。 这项发达的技术现在正处于转移到行业的阶段。芝加哥小组通过其对鼓励贫困学生参与科学的计划的重大贡献，对更广泛的社区进行了强烈的宣传计划，例如Enrico Fermi暑期实习生计划，例如在您的视野方面扩展的目标。瑞士日内瓦（Geneva）是要了解Higgs Boson的性质，该玻色子（Higgs Boson）最近在2012年在那里发现，并发现超出标准模型的新物理学。这些目标与大爆炸之后一秒钟短暂的一小部分中对宇宙的理解有关，以及为什么我们像现在这样看到宇宙。为了应对这一任务的挑战，新的理论是先进的，开发和建造了新的探测器和加速器，并创建了新的计算方法和分析方法，所有这些方法对在短期内对年轻科学家的培训以及在较长任期内对社会的技术益处的培训产生了更大的影响。接下来的三年代表了LHC物理学计划的过渡，从8个TEV数据进行碰撞和运行的碰撞能量，到扩展操作和数据的扩展和数据几乎翻了一番，13-14 TEV。 来自美国的一千多名科学家参与了该科学计划，以进行几个主要实验。芝加哥集团是参加CERN ATLAS实验的重要小组之一。他们的贡献包括广泛参与实验的技术进步，领导快速触发器（FTK）的开发以及强子量钙化法（Tilecal）的升级。 该小组的主要分析重点将是希格斯物理学，将希格斯衰减模式纳入B和抗B夸克。 这种拓扑结构将实现对Higgs属性的重要研究，并使用此B -anti B衰减作为工具来寻找新物理，暗物质搜索大夸克，并使用DI -JET事件搜索新的物理学。 These studies will be greatly facilitated by the FTK and/or the TileCAL and by a jet substructure tool which has been developed by the Chicago group for the analysis of the data from first major run of the LHC, and which will be exploited in the upcoming run which begins in 2015.In Neutrino Physics the Chicago group will be completing its contributions to the reactor-based neutrino experiment called Double Chooz, which will measure the neutrino mixing angle, theta13，均为近距离检测器。 到目前为止，双回合的测量仅来自单个检测器。