Innovations in Bright Beam Science

亮光束科学的创新

• 批准号: 1535639
• 负责人: Young-Kee Kim
• 金额: $ 68万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-15 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1535639&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Innovations; Bright; Beam; Science

Accelerators were invented in the 1930s to provide high-energy particles to investigate the structure of the atomic nucleus. Since their invention, there has been a growing list of applications of accelerators both for scientific discoveries and for the benefits of the society. Approximately 30,000 accelerators are currently used to diagnose and treat diseases, to improve manufacturing processes (ion implantation for electronics; hardening surfaces and materials; welding and cutting; and treating waste and medical material), and to address energy, environment and security issues (biofuel production and oil and gas exploration; cleaning flue gases of thermal power plants; and inspecting cargo and improving the monitoring of nuclear test ban compliance). If much brighter (much more intense) beams can be produced via understanding the fundamental issues that govern beam intensity, the accelerators of tomorrow promise greater opportunities. This would require breakthroughs in accelerator science and their translation into applications for the nation's health, wealth and security. With this award, some of the challenges in achieving much brighter beams will be tackled by the "Innovations in bright beam science" team at the University of Chicago. (i) A study will be undertaken to understand the science that underlies dramatic improvements in the quality factor of superconducting, radio-frequency cavities via nitrogen doping. This could reduce capital and operational costs. (ii) A proof-of-principle experiment for accelerators with highly non-linear components will be performed. This could lead to a significant suppression of the instabilities that have plagued intense beams. (iii) New mechanisms will be developed to produce intense X-rays, an indispensable tool for studying the atomic and molecular arrangement of materials.

1930年代发明了加速器，以提供高能量颗粒来研究原子核的结构。 自从他们的发明以来，越来越多的加速器申请在科学发现和社会的利益方面。目前，大约有30,000个加速器用于诊断和治疗疾病，改善制造过程（电子设备的离子植入；硬表面和材料；焊接和切割；以及处理废物和医疗材料），以解决能源，环境和安全问题（生物燃料生产和生产生产和油气勘探；清洁量子均可进行式持续式驾驶和检查量子的核心和检查量子的核能）。如果可以通过了解控制束强度的基本问题来产生更明亮（更加激烈）的光束，那么明天的加速器就会有助于更大的机会。这将需要在加速器科学方面取得突破，并将其转化为国家健康，财富和安全的应用。有了这个奖项，芝加哥大学的“ Bright Beam Science”团队的“ Bright Beam Science”团队的“实现更明亮的光束”的一些挑战将解决。 （i）将进行一项研究，以理解科学，该科学是通过氮掺杂的超导，射频腔的质量因素的显着改善的基础。 这可以降低资本和运营成本。 （ii）将对具有高度非线性组件的加速器进行原则实验。 这可能会导致对困扰强烈光束的不稳定性的重大抑制。 （iii）将开发出新的机制来产生强烈的X射线，这是一种必不可少的工具，用于研究材料的原子和分子排列。