Experimental Physics Research Program at Columbia University/Nevis Laboratories

哥伦比亚大学/尼维斯实验室实验物理研究项目

• 批准号: 1404209
• 负责人: Michael Shaevitz
• 金额: $ 451万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1404209&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; Physics; Research; Program; Columbia

Overview: The principal goal of experiments in modern particle physics is to uncover new physics that underlies the Standard Model. Possible approaches include the study of physics processes at the highest available collision energies at accelerators or through studies of the very rare interactions of neutrinos. The Columbia Particle Physics group tackles both directions. Intellectual Merit of physics at the highest available collision energies: A goal of experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (the LHC) at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland is to understand the nature of the Higgs Boson, recently discovered there in 2012, and to discover new physics beyond the Standard Model. These goals are relevant to the understanding of the Universe at its most fundamental level in the fleeting fraction of a second just after the Big Bang, and to why we see the Universe as we do now. To meet the challenges of this quest, new theories are advanced, new detectors and accelerators are developed and built, and new computing and analytical methodologies are created, all of which have significant broader impact for the training of young scientists in the near term and the advancement of technological benefits to society over the longer term. The next three years represent a transition of the LHC physics program from a collision energy of 8 TeV data-taking and operation, to extended operations and data taking at nearly double the energy, 13-14 TeV. Over a thousand scientists from the United States are involved with this scientific program on several major experiments.The Columbia team is one of the leading groups participating in the ATLAS experiment at CERN. Their contributions include extensive involvement in the scientific and technical management of the experiment, substantial contributions to the maintenance and operations and upgrades of the key detectors for energy measurement, the Liquid Argon Calorimetry. In the search for new physics, the group is deeply involved in QCD (jet) studies including boosted jet technology, Standard Model and Beyond the Standard Model studies of events with pairs of vector bosons (WW, ZZ and WZ) in the final state to search for new resonant states, gravitons and supersymmetry. Intellectual Merit of Neutrino Physics: Another major question is what happened to all the antimatter in the universe? Fundamental symmetry arguments suggest that matter and antimatter should have been produced in equal abundance in the early universe, but now all we see is matter. A key to unraveling this mystery may lie with elusive particles called neutrinos, which are abundant in the universe, but which barely interact with matter. There are three of these particles known. Why three? And what are the masses of these particles? Are there more? Experiments are underway to understand these phenomena and to see if more than three neutrinos exist.The Columbia group is completing is contributions to an earlier reactor-based neutrino experiment called Double CHOOZ and is now heavily involved in a new experiment named MicroBOONE, which is coming online at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois. This program will address several of the key questions in neutrino physics including the search of additional neutrinos as well as advance an important new technology for the field, the Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber. The Columbia group has major responsibilities for the readout electronics of the Time Projection Chamber and triggering system, detector simulation, data acquisition software, and physics analysis.Broader Impacts: A principal focus of the Columbia group over many years and strengthened with this award is the training of undergraduate students through their highly successful Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) summer program. This program has demonstrated a commitment to the inclusion of under-represented groups, including many students from undergraduate-only institutions. Follow-up tracking has shown an impressive rate of success for graduates of their programs to pursue advanced degrees in STEM fields.

概述：现代粒子物理学实验的主要目标是发现标准模型的基础的新物理学。 可能的方法包括在加速器上最高可用的碰撞能量的物理过程或通过对中微子非常罕见的相互作用的研究。 哥伦比亚粒子物理小组都解决了这两个方向。 物理学在最高可用的碰撞能量下的智力优点：瑞士日内瓦州CERN的大型强子对撞机（LHC）实验的目标是了解Higgs Boson的性质，该性质最近在2012年在那里发现，并在标准模型之外发现了新物理学。 这些目标与大爆炸之后一秒钟短暂的一小部分中对宇宙的理解有关，以及为什么我们像现在这样看到宇宙。为了应对这一任务的挑战，新的理论是先进的，开发和建造了新的探测器和加速器，并创建了新的计算方法和分析方法，所有这些方法对在短期内对年轻科学家的培训以及在较长任期内对社会的技术益处的培训产生了更大的影响。接下来的三年代表了LHC物理学计划的过渡，从8个TEV数据进行碰撞和运行的碰撞能量，到扩展操作和数据的扩展和数据几乎翻了一番，13-14 TEV。来自美国的一千多名科学家参与了几个主要实验的科学计划。哥伦比亚小组是参加CERN ATLAS实验的领先小组之一。 他们的贡献包括对实验的科学和技术管理的广泛参与，对能量测量的关键检测器的维护和操作以及升级，液体氩量热法。 在寻找新物理学时，该小组与QCD（JET）研究深入研究，包括增强的喷气技术，标准模型以及超越最终状态的矢量玻色子（WW，ZZ和WZ）事件的标准模型研究，以寻找新的谐振状态，重力群，重力群和超对称性。 中微子物理学的智力优点：另一个主要问题是宇宙中所有反物质发生了什么？ 基本的对称论点表明，物质和反物质应该在早期的宇宙中同样丰富，但现在我们看到的只是重要的。 揭开这个谜团的关键可能在于宇宙中丰富的中微子的难以捉摸的粒子，但与物质几乎没有相互作用。 这些颗粒中有三个已知。 为什么三个？这些颗粒的质量是什么？ 还有吗？正在进行实验以了解这些现象，并查看是否存在三个以上的中微子。哥伦比亚组正在完成。对较早的基于反应堆的中微子实验的贡献，称为Double Chooz，现在已经参与了一个名为Microboone的新实验，该实验正在伊利诺伊州巴达维亚的Fermi National Accelerator实验室在线上进行在线。 该程序将解决中微子物理学中的几个关键问题，包括搜索其他中微子，并推进该领域的重要新技术，即液体氩时间投影室。 哥伦比亚小组对时间投影室和触发系统，探测器仿真，数据采集软件和物理分析的读数电子设备负有重要责任。Broader的影响：多年来哥伦比亚集团的主要重点，并加强了此奖项，这是该奖项的奖励是通过在本科生中培训过的学生，他们通过他们的高科生研究经验来培训下学生（REU）夏季（REU）（REU）。该计划表明了对包括代表性不足的群体的承诺，其中包括来自本科机构的许多学生。后续跟踪显示其计划的毕业生在STEM领域获得高级学位的成功率令人印象深刻。

项目成果

Search for heavy resonances decaying to a W or Z boson and a Higgs boson in the qq¯(′)bb¯ final state in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

使用 ATLAS 探测器，在 s=13 TeV 的 pp 碰撞中，搜索 qq(-)bb 最终态衰变为 W 或 Z 玻色子和希格斯玻色子的重共振

• DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2017.09.066
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Physics Letters B
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Aaboud, M.;Aad, G.;Abbott, B.;Abdinov, O.;Abeloos, B.;Abidi, S.H.;AbouZeid, O.S.;Abraham, N.L.;Abramowicz, H.;Abreu, H.
• 通讯作者: Abreu, H.