Collaborative Research: Urban-dependent selection on bird song: proximate and ultimate causes, and evolutionary consequences

合作研究：城市依赖的鸟鸣选择：近因和最终原因以及进化后果

• 批准号: 1354763
• 负责人: David Luther
• 金额: $ 43万
• 依托单位: George Mason University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-03-15 至 2020-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1354763&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Urban; dependent; selection

Cities are recent environments for most organisms; yet little is known about the adaptations of species that persist in urban settings. A recent surge of interest in acoustic communication in urban contexts highlights a potential adaptation of birds to life in many different cities. These studies have raised several fundamental questions regarding this potential adaptation, which have global applications to studies of animal communication and mate selection. This proposal will address three of these fundamental questions: (1) how are birds adjusting their song to the urban environment?; (2) how has song urbanization affected signal information?; and (3) are urban songs adaptive? To address these questions, this study will employ behavioral, ecological and mechanistic modeling approaches, using an established NSF model organism for behavioral studies, white-crowned sparrows. Meeting the proposal's objectives will transform the state of understanding of urban-dependent selection on mating behaviors and, more broadly, the adaptations of species that persist in urban environments. There are several aspects of the proposed study that should yield broad impacts: (1) broad dissemination of research results through community organizations, local and national museum displays, media outlets, and development of learner-centered teaching modules, (2) research opportunities for students from demographic groups that are under-represented in the sciences, (3) development of a statistical software package for simulating bird song evolution, and a workshop to train scientists, educators, and students in its use, and (4) collaboration and sharing of data with the National Park Service Sound Division, which will help national parks local to this study as well as national parks nationwide with their sound management plans.

城市是大多数生物的最新环境。然而，人们对城市环境中持续存在的物种的适应知之甚少。在城市环境中，最近对声学传播的兴趣激增凸显了许多不同城市中鸟类对生命的潜在适应。这些研究提出了有关这种潜在适应的几个基本问​​题，这些问题在动物交流和伴侣选择方面具有全球应用。该提议将解决以下三个基本问题：（1）鸟类如何将其歌曲调整为城市环境？ （2）歌曲城市化如何影响信号信息？ （3）城市歌曲是适应性的吗？为了解决这些问题，本研究将采用行为，生态和机械建模方法，使用已建立的NSF模型生物体进行行为研究，白冠麻雀。实现该提案的目标将改变对城市依赖性选择的理解状态，更广泛地说，在城市环境中持续存在的物种的适应状态。 There are several aspects of the proposed study that should yield broad impacts: (1) broad dissemination of research results through community organizations, local and national museum displays, media outlets, and development of learner-centered teaching modules, (2) research opportunities for students from demographic groups that are under-represented in the sciences, (3) development of a statistical software package for simulating bird song evolution, and a workshop to train scientists, educators, and students在其使用中，以及（4）与国家公园服务声音部的合作和共享数据，这将帮助本研究的本地国家公园以及全国范围内的国家公园。