Collaborative Research: Urban-dependent selection on bird song: proximate and ultimate causes, and evolutionary consequences

合作研究：城市依赖的鸟鸣选择：近因和最终原因以及进化后果

• 批准号: 1354763
• 负责人: David Luther
• 金额: $ 43万
• 依托单位: George Mason University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-03-15 至 2020-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1354763&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Urban; dependent; selection

Cities are recent environments for most organisms; yet little is known about the adaptations of species that persist in urban settings. A recent surge of interest in acoustic communication in urban contexts highlights a potential adaptation of birds to life in many different cities. These studies have raised several fundamental questions regarding this potential adaptation, which have global applications to studies of animal communication and mate selection. This proposal will address three of these fundamental questions: (1) how are birds adjusting their song to the urban environment?; (2) how has song urbanization affected signal information?; and (3) are urban songs adaptive? To address these questions, this study will employ behavioral, ecological and mechanistic modeling approaches, using an established NSF model organism for behavioral studies, white-crowned sparrows. Meeting the proposal's objectives will transform the state of understanding of urban-dependent selection on mating behaviors and, more broadly, the adaptations of species that persist in urban environments. There are several aspects of the proposed study that should yield broad impacts: (1) broad dissemination of research results through community organizations, local and national museum displays, media outlets, and development of learner-centered teaching modules, (2) research opportunities for students from demographic groups that are under-represented in the sciences, (3) development of a statistical software package for simulating bird song evolution, and a workshop to train scientists, educators, and students in its use, and (4) collaboration and sharing of data with the National Park Service Sound Division, which will help national parks local to this study as well as national parks nationwide with their sound management plans.

城市是大多数生物体最近的环境。然而，人们对城市环境中持续存在的物种的适应性知之甚少。最近人们对城市环境中的声学交流的兴趣激增，突显了鸟类对许多不同城市生活的潜在适应。这些研究提出了有关这种潜在适应的几个基本问​​题，这些问题在动物交流和配偶选择的研究中具有全球应用。该提案将解决其中三个基本问题：（1）鸟类如何调整它们的鸣叫以适应城市环境？ (2)宋城市化如何影响信号信息？ (3) 城市歌曲是否具有适应性？为了解决这些问题，本研究将采用行为、生态和机械建模方法，使用已建立的 NSF 模型生物（白冠麻雀）进行行为研究。实现该提案的目标将改变人们对城市依赖的交配行为选择的理解，更广泛地说，将改变对城市环境中持续存在的物种适应的理解。拟议的研究有几个方面应该产生广泛的影响：(1) 通过社区组织、地方和国家博物馆展示、媒体渠道以及开发以学习者为中心的教学模块广泛传播研究成果，(2) 研究机会来自科学领域代表性不足的人口群体的学生，(3) 开发用于模拟鸟鸣进化的统计软件包，并举办研讨会来培训科学家、教育工作者和学生使用该软件，以及 (4) 协作和共享国家公园管理局声音数据该部门将帮助本研究当地的国家公园以及全国的国家公园制定健全的管理计划。