Collaborative Research: Forest fragmentation and climate change result in understory warming that adversely affects tropical avian biodiversity at the BDFFP.

合作研究：森林破碎化和气候变化导致林下变暖，对 BDFFP 的热带鸟类生物多样性产生不利影响。

• 批准号: 2311047
• 负责人: David Luther
• 金额: $ 9.05万
• 依托单位: George Mason University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2311047&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Forest; fragmentation; climate

Tropical birds are in trouble, especially those that eat mostly insects. Population declines are taking place in both large and small areas of forest, although at a faster rate in small forests or “fragments”. Exposure to sun along the edges of fragments causes their interior to become hotter and drier, which reduces habitat quality for many birds. Scientists do not know exactly how warmer and drier conditions cause trouble for birds, but they think it is due to less food and more stress. In this study, researchers will study whether longer and hotter dry seasons are responsible for the decline of birds in continuous forests and which species are most susceptible to changes in climate. To do this, they will collect physiological data and combine it with climate data from the past forty years to understand the relative role of climate and forest condition on birds’ diet, health and survival. Results will improve our understanding of how forest loss and climate change affect birds, and ways in which we might mitigate the loss of biodiversity. The PIs posit that remnant bird communities in forest fragments are a precursor of future bird assemblages in continuous forest. Increased physiological stress and/or dietary specialization are likely determinants of avian survival and reproductive success under global change. This project has three objectives: (1) Assess the impact of climate change as the primary driver of long-term bird declines in continuous forest at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragmentation Project (BDFFP) through the inclusion of 40 years of climate and bird banding data in a series of survival models. (2) Determine the interactive effects of climate change and fragmentation on the viability of bird populations at BDFFP through demographic modeling. (3) Measure how dietary and behavioral specialization of model bird species (two experiencing declines: Turdus albicollis and Willisornis poecilinotus, and two experiencing population growth: Calyptorhynchus spirurus and Pithys albifrons) interact with variation in understory microclimates to affect fitness. Researchers will measure diet using a combination of eDNA and isotopic niche analysis (from fecal samples, feathers, and toe nails) and stress using a combination of B-OH butyrate, triglyceride, and corticosterone, across seasons and between continuous and fragmented forests. Results will yield mechanistic insights into the role that niche specialization and understory drying play in driving demographic responses of tropical birds to forest fragmentation and climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

热带鸟陷入困境，尤其是那些大部分昆虫的鸟。尽管在小森林或“碎片”中以更快的速度，人口下降的人口下降。沿碎片边缘暴露于阳光会导致其内部变得更热和驱动器，从而降低了许多鸟类的栖息地质量。科学家不知道确切的温暖和驾驶员条件对鸟类造成麻烦，但他们认为这是由于食物减少和压力更大。在这项研究中，研究人员将研究更长和更热的干燥季节是否导致连续森林中鸟类的下降，哪些物种最容易受到气候变化的影响。为此，他们将收集物理数据，并将其与过去四十年的气候数据结合在一起，以了解气候和森林状况对鸟类饮食，健康和生存的相对作用。结果将提高我们对森林丧失和气候变化如何影响鸟类的理解，以及我们可以减轻生物多样性丧失的方式。森林碎片中残留的鸟类群落是连续森林中未来鸟类组合的前体的PI。在全球变化下，身体压力增加和/或饮食专业化可能取决于鸟类的生存和生殖成功。该项目具有三个目标：（1）通过在一系列生存模型中纳入40年的气候和鸟类带数据，评估了森林碎片化项目（BDFFP）在森林碎片化项目（BDFFP）中，长期鸟类在连续森林中的主要驱动力的影响。 （2）通过人口统计学建模确定气候变化和碎片化对BDFFP鸟类种群生存能力的互动效果。 （3）衡量模型鸟类的饮食和行为专业化如何（两种经历下降：albicollis和Willisornis poecilinotus，以及两种经历人口增长的经历：钙蛋白酶螺旋藻和白使用质子的albifrons）与理解微气候方面的变异相互作用，以影响适应性。研究人员将使用EDNA和同位素细分市场分析（来自粪便样品，羽毛和脚趾指甲）和使用B-OH丁酸丁酯，甘油三酸酯和皮质酮，整个季节以及连续和碎片片段之间的组合来衡量饮食。结果将对利基专业化和理解干燥发挥在推动热带鸟类对森林碎片和气候变化的人口反应中的作用的作用产生机理见解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响标准来评估的。