CNH: Experimental Frameworks for Evaluating Net Effects of Hydrologic Service Payments on Coupled Social-Ecohydrological Systems

CNH：评估水文服务支付对耦合社会生态水文系统净影响的实验框架

• 批准号: 1313804
• 负责人: Heidi Asbjornsen
• 金额: $ 147.5万
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-01-15 至 2019-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1313804&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Experimental; Frameworks; Evaluating; Net

As global concern over water scarcity and declining water quality grows, payment for hydrological services (PHS) programs, whereby land users receive payments in exchange for adopting practices favorable to water resources, offer a potential solution for ensuring clean and plentiful water. However, because PHS programs seek to influence both human behavior and the environment, they are extremely complex, and the scientific understanding needed to maximize their effectiveness is lacking. The goal of this project is to analyze the interacting social, economic, ecological, hydrological and policy impacts of Mexico's PHS programs, which have been operating for over a decade and thus represent some of the longest running programs of their kind in the world. The project will focus on two types of PHS programs operating within the Pixquiac and Gavilanes watersheds near Xalapa and Coatepec, Veracruz: 1) the "national" program, which is centrally organized and administered by the Mexican government, and 2) the local "matching" program, which requires greater involvement of diverse local institutions in the financing, planning, and execution of the program. Impacts of the PHS programs on water and other (e.g., biodiversity, carbon) ecosystem services will be assessed using a combination of field data collection and modeling. Interviews and surveys will be used to assess the influence of the two PHS programs (national and local) on people's decisions, as well as interactions with other social qualities such as perceptions of equity and well-being, health, income opportunities, and social organization. The information collected for the human and natural systems will be integrated through the application of spatial mapping tools, watershed modeling, and participatory workshops involving multiple actors in order to identify the key factors that determine the long-term success and cost-benefit trade-offs of PHS programs. This integrated approach will also be used to test the effects of different PHS policy and land use change scenarios on ecosystem services and long-term watershed sustainability. This project will contribute significantly to enhancing society's ability to protect water resources by developing an interdisciplinary approach for understanding how PHS policies both shape - and are shaped by - the coupled human and natural systems they seek to influence. Additionally, an important aspect of this research is that it will advance the current level of knowledge about PHS programs to encompass the larger concept of watershed sustainability, which to date has not been an integral component of PHS yet is crucial to protecting water resources. Results will be integrated into two science-based decision support tools that can be used by landowners and decision makers achieve desired watershed management and policy goals while avoiding unintended consequences: an aggregate sustainability index that provides concise information on watershed health, and a GIS-based mapping framework that spatially integrates impacts of land use change on ecosystem services and their relationship with coupled human and natural systems. Given that PHS programs are rapidly becoming an important policy mechanism worldwide for addressing critical environmental issues related to water supply and quality, the findings from this research will have broad impacts by helping to guide the design of more effective PHS policies across the globe. To ensure successful local and global application of this research, findings will be widely disseminated through diverse portals, including policy forums, news media, interdisciplinary and disciplinary scientific journals, an edited book volume on global PHS programs, and a series of educational modules and seminars developed for both the middle school and university levels. Finally, this project will train and mentor one postdoctoral research associate, four graduate students, and several undergraduate students, all of whom will gain valuable skills in interdisciplinary thinking and analysis and sustainability science within the context water resource management.

随着全球对水稀缺性和水质下降的关注，水文服务（PHS）计划的付款，土地用户获得付款以换取采用有利于水资源的实践的付款，提供了潜在的解决方案，以确保清洁和丰富的水。 但是，由于PHS计划试图同时影响人类的行为和环境，因此它们非常复杂，并且缺乏最大化其有效性所需的科学理解。该项目的目的是分析墨西哥PHS计划的社会，经济，生态，水文和政策影响，该计划已经运行了十多年，因此代表了世界上同类活动中最长的一些计划。该项目将集中于在Xalapa和Coatepec附近的Pixquiac和Gavilanes流域内运行的两种类型的PHS计划，Veracruz：1）“国家”计划，该计划是由墨西哥政府组织和管理的“国家”计划，由墨西哥政府组织和管理2）本地“匹配”计划，该计划需要更大的涉及本地Instermitions，并在本地筹集各种计划，并在该计划中进行多样化的计划，并在该计划中，该计划以及该计划的范围，并且需要该计划，并需要该计划，并且需要该计划。 PHS计划对水和其他（例如生物多样性，碳）生态系统服务的影响将使用现场数据收集和建模的组合进行评估。 访谈和调查将用于评估两个PHS计划（国家和地方）对人们决策的影响，以及与其他社会品质（例如对公平和福祉，健康，收入机会和社会组织的看法）的互动。为人类和自然系统收集的信息将通过应用空间映射工具，分水岭建模以及涉及多个参与者的参与式研讨会来整合，以确定决定长期成功和PHS计划的成本效益权衡的关键因素。这种综合方法还将用于测试不同的PHS政策和土地使用变化方案对生态系统服务和长期流域可持续性的影响。 该项目将通过开发一种跨学科方法来理解PHS政策如何形成 - 和由 - 他们寻求影响的人类和自然系统塑造的pHS政策如何形成pHS政策，从而为增强社会保护水资源的能力做出重大贡献。此外，这项研究的一个重要方面是，它将提高有关PHS计划的当前知识水平，以涵盖更大的流域可持续性概念，迄今为止，这并不是PHS不可或缺的组成部分，但对于保护水资源至关重要。结果将集成到两种基于科学的决策支持工具中，这些决策支持工具可以由土地所有者和决策者实现所需的分水岭管理和政策目标，同时避免了意外后果：总体可持续性指数，可提供有关分水岭健康的简洁信息，以及基于GIS的映射框架，将土地使用对生态系统服务的影响将其与他们的关系和自然关系及其人建立了关系，并将其与人建立了关系和自然关系。鉴于PHS计划正在迅速成为解决与供水和质量有关的关键环境问题的重要政策机制，因此这项研究的发现将通过帮助指导全球更有效的PHS政策的设计产生广泛的影响。 为了确保这项研究的成功本地和全球应用，将通过各种门户广泛传播发现，包括政策论坛，新闻媒体，跨学科和学科科学期刊，有关全球PHS计划的编辑书籍，以及为中学和大学级别开发的一系列教育模块和研讨会。 最后，该项目将培训和指导一名博士后研究助理，四名研究生和几位本科生，在上下文水资源管理中，他们将在跨学科思维和分析和可持续性科学方面获得宝贵的技能。