Long Term Social Stability in the Tres-Zapotes Region

特雷斯-萨波特斯地区的长期社会稳定

• 批准号: 1261514
• 负责人: Christopher Pool
• 金额: $ 24万
• 依托单位: University of Kentucky Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1261514&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Long; Term; Social; Stability; Tres

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Christopher A. Pool and Dr. Michael L. Loughlin will direct a regional archeological survey to investigate causes for the remarkable resilience of the polity headed by Tres Zapotes in southern Veracruz, Mexico. From the Arab Spring, to the Haitian earthquake, to global climate change, contemporary events underscore the need for polities to adjust to social and natural disturbances in their environments. Archaeology has a unique ability to provide a comparative perspective on the resilience of human societies in the long term. While much scholarly and popular attention has been focused on the phenomenon of collapse, understanding why some polities and institutions are more resilient than others is as important as as understanding what collapses and why. Tres Zapotes was the capital of regional polity of the Olmec and epi-Olmec cultures between 1000 B.C. and A.D. 300. While other Olmec centers were collapsing around 400 B.C., Tres Zapotes grew and flourished for another 700 years before it suffered a protracted decline. During that time, the evolving Tres Zapotes polity experienced challenges from periodic volcanic eruptions, changing environmental conditions, and an increasingly competitive political landscape. Previous NSF-funded investigations by Dr. Pool suggest that a key factor in the resilience of the Tres Zapotes polity was its shift from monarchical rule to a system in which governance was shared among multiple competing factions in the capital. The current project focuses on how Tres Zapotes implemented governance within its territory and how that territory was created and maintained. Such understanding requires regional-scale data on the distribution of population, the plans of civic-ceremonial architecture, the organization of craft production, and the exploitation of the environment.The current project combines traditional archaeological survey and surface collection methods with the advanced remote sensing technologies of LiDAR and multispectral satellite imagery to investigate the relationship between Tres Zapotes and hinterland populations over time. In addition the project seeks evidence of earlier occupations stretching back into the Archaic period (8000-2000 B.C.) to better understand how humans adapted to the humid tropical environment that eventually gave rise to the Tres Zapotes polity. The intellectual merit of the project lies in its melding of political-economic and landscape perspectives to evaluate models of political resilience - a matter of considerable anthropological and practical importance.The broader impacts of the study include the training of Mexican and U.S. students in field and analytical techniques, interpretation of remote sensing data, and enhancement of the local research infrastructure through needed expansion to the project laboratory on the grounds of the Tres Zapotes Museum. The project will contribute to public education by (1) providing materials for museum displays (2) allowing museum visitors to observe laboratory activities, and (3) giving public talks to schools and civic organizations in the region. Information from the project will be widely disseminated through professional publications, graduate dissertations and theses, and a project web page.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，克里斯托弗·A·普尔（Christopher A. Pool）博士和迈克尔·劳夫林（Michael L. Loughlin）博士将指导一项区域考古调查，以调查墨西哥南部韦拉克鲁斯（Tres Zapotes）领导的政体的显着韧性原因。从阿拉伯之春，到海地地震，再到全球气候变化，当代事件强调了政体需要适应其环境中社会和自然干扰的必要性。考古学具有独特的能力，可以长期对人类社会的韧性提供比较的观点。尽管学术和大众注意力集中在崩溃的现象上，但了解为什么某些政体和机构比其他政体和机构更具弹性，就像了解什么崩溃和原因一样重要。 Tres Zapotes是公元前1000年之间OLMEC和Epi-Olmec培养的区域政体的首都。公元300年。尽管其他Olmec中心在公元前400年左右倒塌，但Tres Zapotes越来越繁荣了700年，然后它持续了下降。在此期间，不断发展的TRE ZAPOTES政治遇到了定期火山喷发，环境状况的变化以及竞争日益激烈的政治格局所面临的挑战。 Pool博士先前对NSF资助的调查表明，Tres Zapotes政治的弹性的关键因素是它从君主制规则转移到首都多个竞争派系中共享治理的系统。当前的项目着重于TRE Zapotes如何在其领土内实施治理以及如何创建和维护该领土。这种理解需要有关人口分布的区域尺度数据，公民实习建筑的计划，手工艺生产的组织以及对环境的开发。当前的项目结合了传统的考古调查和表面收集方法与底激光雷达的先进远程感应技术和多光谱卫星成像，以调查Tres Zapotes和Hinterlite的关系，以调查Tres Zapotes和Hinterland群体之间的关系。此外，该项目还寻求证据表明，早期的职业延伸到古时时期（8000-2000），以更好地了解人类如何适应最终导致Tres Zapotes政治的潮湿的热带环境。 The intellectual merit of the project lies in its melding of political-economic and landscape perspectives to evaluate models of political resilience - a matter of considerable anthropological and practical importance.The broader impacts of the study include the training of Mexican and U.S. students in field and analytical techniques, interpretation of remote sensing data, and enhancement of the local research infrastructure through needed expansion to the project laboratory on the grounds of the Tres Zapotes博物馆。该项目将通过（1）为博物馆展示提供材料（2）允许博物馆访问者观察实验室活动的材料，以及（3）与该地区的学校和公民组织进行公开对话。该项目的信息将通过专业出版物，研究生论文和论文以及项目网页广泛传播。