Driven Soft Matter: from Superconducting Vortices to Living Cells

驱动软物质：从超导涡流到活细胞

• 批准号: 0705105
• 负责人: Cristina Marchetti
• 金额: $ 45.9万
• 依托单位: Syracuse University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-15 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0705105&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Driven; Soft; Matter; Superconducting; Vortices

0705105Marchetti TECHNICAL SUMMARY:This award supports theoretical research and education on condensed matter and biological systems that are maintained out of equilibrium by external or internal energy sources and exhibit emergent structures with collective behavior qualitatively different from that of the individual constituents. The research has two main thrusts.The PI will use analytical and numerical methods to analyze the structural and mechanical properties of active matter; biofilaments and motor proteins and collections of self-propelled (both living and nonliving) entities. A specific goal of the research is to understand the interplay between physical mechanisms and biochemical or other processes in regulating the large-scale organization and function of active matter.The PI will also study coarse-grained models of driven extended media that are "plastically deformed" by the interplay of disorder and drive. Experimental realizations include vortex lattices in superconductors and crack propagation in solids. Coarse-grained models will be studied in finite dimensions by field theoretical methods and numerical simulations to make contact with experiments. This works toward unified classification of the complex nonequilibrium dynamics of driven disordered systems.There are broader impacts to this research. It is an example of taking tradition analysis of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics from physics and discovering that when applied to living systems, both the theory and its applicable subject benefit. Only now is it being understood that emergent behaviors naturally occur in such nonequilibrium systems. NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY: This award supports theoretical research and education in the area of statistical physics with a focus on biological systems and other systems that are normally out of equilibrium. The normal out-of-equilibrium state is maintained through energy flow and this has been realized as the distinguishing characteristic of systems where spontaneous creation or organization occurs. Living systems fall into the category of highly complex out-of-equilibrium systems that require a constant supply of energy, e.g. food. The PI will use statistical physics and other tools from theoretical physics to seek fundamental principles that govern how spontaneous organization can occur. In turn new general principles of the statistical physics of systems far from equilibrium and emergent behavior will be discovered. This fundamental research is intrinsically interdisciplinary with a focus at the interface between condensed matter and materials physics, and biology. This award supports undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral education in this growing area of opportunity for fundamental research and new technologies.

0705105Marchetti 技术摘要：该奖项支持凝聚态物质和生物系统的理论研究和教育，这些系统通过外部或内部能源维持不平衡，并表现出集体行为与个体成分性质不同的新兴结构。该研究有两个主要目标。 PI将使用解析和数值方法来分析活性物质的结构和机械特性；生物丝和运动蛋白以及自驱动（生物和非生物）实体的集合。该研究的一个具体目标是了解物理机制与生化或其他过程在调节活性物质的大规模组织和功能方面的相互作用。PI还将研究“塑性变形”驱动扩展介质的粗粒度模型“通过混乱和驱动力的相互作用。实验实现包括超导体中的涡晶格和固体中的裂纹扩展。粗粒度模型将通过现场理论方法和数值模拟在有限维上进行研究，以与实验联系起来。这致力于对驱动无序系统的复杂非平衡动力学进行统一分类。这项研究具有更广泛的影响。这是一个从物理学中对非平衡统计力学进行传统分析的例子，并发现当应用于生命系统时，该理论及其适用的学科都会受益。直到现在人们才了解到，突现行为是在这种非平衡系统中自然发生的。非技术摘要：该奖项支持统计物理领域的理论研究和教育，重点关注生物系统和其他通常不平衡的系统。正常的不平衡状态是通过能量流来维持的，这已被认为是发生自发创造或组织的系统的显着特征。生命系统属于高度复杂的非平衡系统，需要持续的能量供应，例如：食物。 PI 将使用统计物理学和理论物理学中的其他工具来寻求控制自发组织如何发生的基本原理。 反过来，远离平衡和突现行为的系统的统计物理学的新一般原理将会被发现。这项基础研究本质上是跨学科的，重点是凝聚态物质与材料物理学和生物学之间的界面。该奖项支持这一不断增长的基础研究和新技术领域的本科生、研究生和博士后教育。