Collaborative Research: The Cariaco Basin Oceanographic Time Series Program

合作研究：卡里亚科盆地海洋学时间序列计划

• 批准号: 1258991
• 负责人: Robert Thunell
• 金额: $ 61.52万
• 依托单位: University of South Carolina at Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-02-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1258991&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Cariaco; Basin; Oceanographic

This award will provide three more years of support to three U.S. institutions -- University of South Florida, University of South Carolina at Columbia, and Stony Brook University -- for the CARIACO Basin Ocean Time-Series, located in the anoxic Cariaco Basin on the Venezuelan continental margin. In continuous operation since November, 1995, the scientific goal of CARIACO is to understand the relationships between hydrography, plankton community composition, primary production, microbial activity, terrigenous inputs, particle and other fluxes, and other processes of element cycling in the water column, and how their variation is preserved in seafloor sediments. The program strives to serve the ocean carbon and biogeochemistry (OCB) and the paleoclimate research communities by maintaining an observing facility in the Cariaco Basin that provides core observations and samples, and facilitates researcher access to a unique, world-renown tropical continental margin setting. A central tenet of CARIACO is that the data stream produced there aids in the interpretation of oceanic carbon fluxes and global climate variability. Understanding processes that affect sinking material is key to understanding the "biological carbon pump" and processes that transfer materials from the surface ocean and adjacent land to the bottom. Since the Cariaco Basin only exchanges surface waters with the adjacent Caribbean Sea above a shallow ( 140 m) sill, anoxia prevails below ~250 m. These conditions preserve an excellent varved sediment record that is used by the international community to study Holocene and late Pleistocene climate change. The OCB community recognizes that we are approaching a "state shift" in the global biosphere due to interactions between natural climate variability and human activities. Ocean time series like CARIACO play a critical role in documenting and evaluating the mechanisms whereby marine ecosystems respond to subtle changes in climate. Indeed, the research team has documented dramatic changes in the Cariaco Basin over the past 17 years that reflect transformations over larger space and time scales. They attribute many of these ecosystem and biogeochemical changes to a northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.Broader impacts: The CARIACO Ocean Time-Series owes its success to strong collaborations established with scientists in Venezuela, the US, and other countries. It contributes to development of a growing global observatory focused on measuring ecological processes and understanding impacts of large-scale changes in the Earth system. CARIACO is an IGBP-LOICZ program relevant to international carbon cycle and broader oceanographic research. By providing climate proxies that improve the accuracy of past climate assessments, CARIACO directly addresses the goals of the CLIVAR and PAGES initiatives of the World Climate Research Programme and the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. The science also helps understand socio-economic impacts of ecosystem variability, such as the collapse of the sardine fishery and catastrophic weather events seen in the last decade in the region. CARIACO nurtures international scientific cooperation. Venezuelan funding for local scientists to participate in this joint effort is an important incentive to continue this program. CARIACO has had a significant impact on technology transfer and capacity building in Latin America, by providing regional scientists with opportunities to participate in a project that addresses issues of global relevance. CARIACO also exposes U.S. students and scientists to an international research community and to the cultures of the Caribbean and Latin America. The research team intends to continue proactive efforts to develop scientific and technical links between CARIACO, BATS, HOT, and various other OCB Program efforts.

该奖项将为三所美国机构——南佛罗里达大学、南卡罗来纳大学哥伦比亚分校和石溪大学——提供三年多的支持，用于位于缺氧的卡里亚科盆地的 CARIACO 盆地海洋时间序列。委内瑞拉大陆边缘。自 1995 年 11 月以来持续运行，CARIACO 的科学目标是了解水文学、浮游生物群落组成、初级生产、微生物活动、陆源输入、颗粒和其他通量以及水体中元素循环的其他过程之间的关系，以及它们的变化如何在海底沉积物中保存下来。 该计划致力于通过在卡里亚科盆地维护一个观测设施来为海洋碳和生物地球化学（OCB）以及古气候研究界服务，该设施提供核心观测和样本，并方便研究人员进入独特的、世界知名的热带大陆边缘环境。 CARIACO 的核心宗旨是，那里产生的数据流有助于解释海洋碳通量和全球气候变化。了解影响下沉物质的过程是了解“生物碳泵”和将物质从表层海洋和邻近陆地转移到海底的过程的关键。由于卡里亚科盆地仅在浅海（140 m）上方与邻近的加勒比海交换地表水，因此缺氧在~250 m 以下普遍存在。这些条件保存了良好的沉积物记录，国际社会利用该记录来研究全新世和晚更新世气候变化。 OCB 社区认识到，由于自然气候变化和人类活动之间的相互作用，我们正在接近全球生物圈的“状态转变”。像 CARIACO 这样的海洋时间序列在记录和评估海洋生态系统对气候微妙变化的反应机制方面发挥着关键作用。事实上，研究小组记录了过去 17 年卡里亚科盆地发生的巨大变化，这些变化反映了更大空间和时间尺度的变化。 他们将许多生态系统和生物地球化学变化归因于热带辐合带向北迁移。更广泛的影响：CARIACO海洋时间序列的成功归功于与委内瑞拉、美国和其他国家的科学家建立的强有力的合作。它有助于建立一个不断发展的全球观测站，专注于测量生态过程和了解地球系统大规模变化的影响。 CARIACO 是一个与国际碳循环和更广泛的海洋学研究相关的 IGBP-LOICZ 计划。通过提供提高过去气候评估准确性的气候代理，CARIACO 直接实现了世界气候研究计划和国际地圈-生物圈计划的 CLIVAR 和 PAGES 倡议的目标。该科学还有助于了解生态系统变异性的社会经济影响，例如沙丁鱼渔业的崩溃和该地区过去十年出现的灾难性天气事件。 CARIACO 培育国际科学合作。委内瑞拉为当地科学家参与这项共同努力提供资金是继续该计划的重要动力。 CARIACO 通过为区域科学家提供参与解决全球相关问题的项目的机会，对拉丁美洲的技术转让和能力建设产生了重大影响。 CARIACO 还让美国学生和科学家接触国际研究界以及加勒比海和拉丁美洲的文化。研究团队打算继续积极努力，发展 CARIACO、BATS、HOT 和其他各种 OCB 计划工作之间的科学和技术联系。