Collaborative Research: The Cariaco Basin Oceanographic Time Series Program

合作研究：卡里亚科盆地海洋学时间序列计划

• 批准号: 1258991
• 负责人: Robert Thunell
• 金额: $ 61.52万
• 依托单位: University of South Carolina at Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-02-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1258991&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Cariaco; Basin; Oceanographic

This award will provide three more years of support to three U.S. institutions -- University of South Florida, University of South Carolina at Columbia, and Stony Brook University -- for the CARIACO Basin Ocean Time-Series, located in the anoxic Cariaco Basin on the Venezuelan continental margin. In continuous operation since November, 1995, the scientific goal of CARIACO is to understand the relationships between hydrography, plankton community composition, primary production, microbial activity, terrigenous inputs, particle and other fluxes, and other processes of element cycling in the water column, and how their variation is preserved in seafloor sediments. The program strives to serve the ocean carbon and biogeochemistry (OCB) and the paleoclimate research communities by maintaining an observing facility in the Cariaco Basin that provides core observations and samples, and facilitates researcher access to a unique, world-renown tropical continental margin setting. A central tenet of CARIACO is that the data stream produced there aids in the interpretation of oceanic carbon fluxes and global climate variability. Understanding processes that affect sinking material is key to understanding the "biological carbon pump" and processes that transfer materials from the surface ocean and adjacent land to the bottom. Since the Cariaco Basin only exchanges surface waters with the adjacent Caribbean Sea above a shallow ( 140 m) sill, anoxia prevails below ~250 m. These conditions preserve an excellent varved sediment record that is used by the international community to study Holocene and late Pleistocene climate change. The OCB community recognizes that we are approaching a "state shift" in the global biosphere due to interactions between natural climate variability and human activities. Ocean time series like CARIACO play a critical role in documenting and evaluating the mechanisms whereby marine ecosystems respond to subtle changes in climate. Indeed, the research team has documented dramatic changes in the Cariaco Basin over the past 17 years that reflect transformations over larger space and time scales. They attribute many of these ecosystem and biogeochemical changes to a northward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone.Broader impacts: The CARIACO Ocean Time-Series owes its success to strong collaborations established with scientists in Venezuela, the US, and other countries. It contributes to development of a growing global observatory focused on measuring ecological processes and understanding impacts of large-scale changes in the Earth system. CARIACO is an IGBP-LOICZ program relevant to international carbon cycle and broader oceanographic research. By providing climate proxies that improve the accuracy of past climate assessments, CARIACO directly addresses the goals of the CLIVAR and PAGES initiatives of the World Climate Research Programme and the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. The science also helps understand socio-economic impacts of ecosystem variability, such as the collapse of the sardine fishery and catastrophic weather events seen in the last decade in the region. CARIACO nurtures international scientific cooperation. Venezuelan funding for local scientists to participate in this joint effort is an important incentive to continue this program. CARIACO has had a significant impact on technology transfer and capacity building in Latin America, by providing regional scientists with opportunities to participate in a project that addresses issues of global relevance. CARIACO also exposes U.S. students and scientists to an international research community and to the cultures of the Caribbean and Latin America. The research team intends to continue proactive efforts to develop scientific and technical links between CARIACO, BATS, HOT, and various other OCB Program efforts.

该奖项将为位于委内瑞拉大陆区域的Anoxic Cariaco盆地的Cariaco盆地海洋时期序列提供三年的美国机构 - 南佛罗里达大学，南卡罗来纳大学哥伦比亚大学和斯托尼·布鲁克大学的支持。自1995年11月以来，Cariaco的科学目标是了解水文学，浮游生物社区组成，初级生产，微生物活动，陆源输入，粒子和其他通量以及水柱中元素循环的其他过程之间的关系，以及如何在海层沉积物中保存它们的变异。 该计划通过维护Cariaco盆地中的观测设施，努力为海洋碳和生物地球化学（OCB）和古气候研究社区提供服务，该设施提供了核心观察和样品，并促进研究人员访问独特的，世界上享有的世界享有的热带大陆边缘设置。 Cariaco的中心宗旨是，在那里产生的数据流有助于解释海洋碳通量和全球气候变化。了解影响沉没材料的过程是理解“生物碳泵”和将材料从地面海洋和邻近土地转移到底部的过程的关键。由于Cariaco盆地仅在浅水（140 m）窗台上方与邻近的加勒比海交换地表水，因此缺氧在〜250 m以下盛行。这些条件保留了国际社会使用的出色彩色沉积物记录，用于研究全新世和更新世的气候变化。 OCB社区认识到，由于自然气候变异性和人类活动之间的相互作用，我们正在全球生物圈中的“国家转变”。像Cariaco这样的海洋时间系列在记录和评估海洋生态系统对气候微妙变化的机制中起着至关重要的作用。确实，研究小组已经记录了过去17年中Cariaco盆地的巨大变化，这些变化反映了更大的时空和时间尺度上的转变。 他们将许多这些生态系统和生物地球化学的变化归因于地间接收区的向北迁移。Broader的影响：Cariaco Ocean Time系列归功于其成功归功于与委内瑞拉，美国和其他国家 /地区与科学家建立的强大合作。它有助于发展不断增长的全球天文台，重点是衡量生态过程和理解地球系统大规模变化的影响。 Cariaco是与国际碳循环和更广泛的海洋学研究有关的IGBP-Loicz计划。通过提供可提高过去气候评估准确性的气候代理，Cariaco直接解决了Clivar和世界气候研究计划和国际地质 - 双层层计划的目标的目标。该科学还有助于了解生态系统变异性的社会经济影响，例如沙丁鱼渔业和该地区过去十年中灾难性的天气事件的崩溃。 Cariaco培养国际科学合作。委内瑞拉为当地科学家参加这项共同努力的资金是继续该计划的重要动机。 Cariaco通过为区域科学家提供参与解决全球相关性问题的项目的机会，对拉丁美洲的技术传输和能力建设产生了重大影响。卡里亚科还将美国的学生和科学家暴露于国际研究界以及加勒比海和拉丁美洲的文化。研究小组打算继续积极的努力，以建立Cariaco，Bats，Hot和其他各种OCB计划工作之间的科学和技术联系。