Collaborative Research: The Cariaco Basin Oceanographic Time Series Program

合作研究：卡里亚科盆地海洋学时间序列计划

• 批准号: 0752037
• 负责人: Robert Thunell
• 金额: $ 87.4万
• 依托单位: University South Carolina Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-01 至 2014-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0752037&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Cariaco; Basin; Oceanographic

This award will provide funds to continue operating the oceanographic time series started in November 1995, in the Cariaco Basin at 10º 30'N, 64º 40'W, for five years. CARIACO (CArbon Retention In A Colored Ocean) is one of three ocean biogeochemistry time series stations supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The time series addresses the scientific objective of understanding ocean processes that affect the flux of particles sinking to the bottom of the Cariaco Basin, by continuing collection of a carefully-selected set of biological, chemical, geological and physical measurements. A key objective of this effort is to serve the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) and the paleoclimate research communities by maintaining an observing facility in the Cariaco Basin. The facility permits studies of the temporal variability and trends that span seasonal, interannual and interdecadal time scales, provides a set of core observations and samples to share with the community, and facilitates access to this unique oceanographic setting. CARIACO is a joint research effort by scientists at three U.S. institutions supported by NSF (University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, Stony Brook University, and the University of South Carolin at Columbia) in partnership with the Fundacion LaSalle de Sciencias Naturales and the Centro Internacional de Ecologia Tropical in Venezuela. The Cariaco Basin is a 1,400-m deep depression located on the Venezuelan continental margin in the southeastern Caribbean Sea, openly connected to the surface tropical Atlantic Ocean above a shallow (~140 m) sill. Because of slow turnover, decomposition of sinking material leads to anoxia below about 250 m. These conditions preserve an excellent sediment record that is used by the international community to study Holocene and late Pleistocene changes in climate. Understanding processes that affect the sinking material is the key to understanding the "biological carbon pump" that transfers materials from the surface ocean to the bottom, and to understanding the ocean?s role in past, present, and future climate. In this regard, CARIACO aids in the interpretation of the climate history preserved in this sediment record. The CARIACO program also seeks to educate the public about this relationship. Intellectual merit: The scientific program is guided by the following hypotheses: (1) The sinking flux of particulate matter contains a record of event- to interannual-scale changes in upper ocean conditions, including upwelling, ventilation, productivity, and terrigenous input events. (2) Changes in nutrient availability results in ecosystem shifts that are preserved in the chemistry and amount of sinking particles. (3) Temporal changes in the hydrography of the basin are directly related to regional wind variability, the passage of Caribbean Sea eddies near the sill, and circulation changes in the Atlantic Ocean. (4) Bacterial production and carbon decomposition near the oxic-anoxic transition zone are controlled by lateral transport of dissolved oxygen at mid-depth (ventilation events). (5) Chemoautotrophic bacteria near the oxic-anoxic transition zone alter the composition and amount of the vertical particulate flux and the dissolved organic matter concentration. CARIACO generates observations used to assess variability in lateral transport and upwelling, forcing and variations in water column chemistry, phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria community composition, variations in primary productivity and bacterial production (chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic), and resulting changes in water column chemistry and the composition and quantity of particulate flux sinking to the bottom. This program uses intensive traditional oceanographic and meteorological techniques, as well as modern tools including satellite and molecular observations. Broader impacts: CARIACO addresses some of the highest priorities identified in the U.S. government's Ocean Research Priorities Plan and Implementation Strategy and the Strategic Plan for the U.S. Climate Change Science Program. The uninterrupted, long-term tropical record is of value to investigations of the relationship between climate change and large-scale ocean biogeochemistry. Many scientists believe the tropics play a pivotal role in these basin-wide processes on a variety of time scales including those relevant to society. CARIACO measurements will also help understand processes that affect regional fisheries and catastrophic weather patterns. CARIACO has established a policy of open sharing of data, samples, and infrastructure, to facilitate the conduct of broader studies or of process studies in the Cariaco Basin by third parties. This project brings together an international workforce of physical, chemical, geological and biological oceanographers. It has technology transfer and human resource development impacts, providing an opportunity for scientists, technicians and students from Latin America to participate in logistics planning, fieldwork, data analysis, and joint publications that address issues of local and global relevance. These exchanges also have an important educational impact on U.S. students including minorities. The Venezuelan government considers CARIACO among their most important oceanographic research programs, and will continue significant funding to local participants.

该奖项将为继续运行 1995 年 11 月在北纬 10° 30'、西经 64° 40' 的卡里亚科盆地的海洋学时间序列提供资金，CARIACO（彩色海洋中的碳保留）是三个海洋之一。生物地球化学时间序列站由美国国家科学基金会 (NSF) 支持，该时间序列旨在了解影响沉入海底的颗粒通量的海洋过程。这项工作的一个主要目标是通过维护观测设施来服务海洋碳和生物地球化学（OCB）以及古气候研究界。该设施允许研究跨季节、年际和年代际时间尺度的时间变化和趋势，提供一组核心观测结果和样本以与社区共享，并促进获取这一独特的海洋学环境是由 NSF（马萨诸塞大学达特茅斯分校、石溪大学和南卡罗莱纳大学哥伦比亚分校）支持的三所美国机构的科学家与拉萨尔自然科学基金会合作开展的一项研究工作。委内瑞拉的卡里亚科盆地是一个深达 1,400 米的凹陷，位于委内瑞拉大陆边缘。加勒比海东南部，在浅海（约 140 m）的海床之上与热带大西洋表面相连，由于周转缓慢，下沉物质的分解导致约 250 m 以下的缺氧。这些条件保留了可供使用的良好沉积物记录。国际社会研究全新世和晚更新世气候变化的过程是了解影响下沉物质的过程的关键，是了解将物质从表层海洋转移到海底的“生物碳泵”的关键。海洋在过去、现在和未来气候中的作用 在这方面，CARIACO 有助于解释沉积物记录中保存的气候历史。CARIACO 计划还旨在教育公众有关这种关系的知识价值。该计划以以下假设为指导：（1）颗粒物的下沉通量包含上层海洋条件的事件到年际尺度的变化记录，包括上升流、通风、生产力和陆源输入事件（2）。营养物质可用性的变化导致生态系统的变化，这些变化保留在化学成分和下沉颗粒的数量中 (3) 流域水文学的时间变化与区域风力变化、加勒比海涡流在海床附近的通过以及沉积物直接相关。 (4) 含氧-缺氧过渡区附近的细菌产生和碳分解受中深度溶解氧的横向输送（通风事件）控制。含氧-缺氧过渡区附近的化能自养细菌改变了垂直颗粒通量的组成和数量以及溶解的有机物浓度，CARIACO 生成的观测结果用于评估横向运输和上升流的变化、水柱化学、浮游植物、浮游动物的强迫和变化。和细菌群落组成、初级生产力和细菌生产（化能自养和异养）的变化，以及由此导致的水柱化学和颗粒通量的组成和数量的变化该计划使用密集的传统海洋学和气象技术，以及包括卫星和分子观测在内的现代工具。 更广泛的影响：CARIACO 解决了美国政府海洋研究优先计划和实施战略中确定的一些最高优先事项。美国气候变化科学计划战略计划。不间断的长期热带记录对于研究气候变化与大规模海洋生物地球化学之间的关系很有价值。许多科学家认为热带地区。在各种时间尺度上的这些流域过程中发挥着关键作用，包括与社会相关的过程，CARIACO 的测量也将有助于了解影响区域渔业和灾难性天气模式的过程。和基础设施，以促进第三方在卡里亚科盆地进行更广泛的研究或过程研究。该项目汇集了物理、化学、地质和生物海洋学家的国际劳动力，具有技术转让和人力资源开发影响。提供为来自拉丁美洲的科学家、技术人员和学生提供参与物流规划、实地考察、数据分析和联合出版物的机会，这些交流也对包括少数族裔在内的美国学生产生了重要的教育影响。政府将 CARIACO 视为其最重要的海洋学研究计划之一，并将继续为当地参与者提供大量资金。