Collaborative Research: The Cariaco Basin Oceanographic Time Series Program

合作研究：卡里亚科盆地海洋学时间序列计划

• 批准号: 0963028
• 负责人: Frank Muller-Karger
• 金额: $ 150.72万
• 依托单位: University of South Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-31 至 2014-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0963028&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Cariaco; Basin; Oceanographic

This award will provide funds to continue operating the oceanographic time series started in November 1995, in the Cariaco Basin at 10º 30'N, 64º 40'W, for five years. CARIACO (CArbon Retention In A Colored Ocean) is one of three ocean biogeochemistry time series stations supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The time series addresses the scientific objective of understanding ocean processes that affect the flux of particles sinking to the bottom of the Cariaco Basin, by continuing collection of a carefully-selected set of biological, chemical, geological and physical measurements. A key objective of this effort is to serve the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) and the paleoclimate research communities by maintaining an observing facility in the Cariaco Basin. The facility permits studies of the temporal variability and trends that span seasonal, interannual and interdecadal time scales, provides a set of core observations and samples to share with the community, and facilitates access to this unique oceanographic setting. CARIACO is a joint research effort by scientists at three U.S. institutions supported by NSF (University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, Stony Brook University, and the University of South Carolin at Columbia) in partnership with the Fundacion LaSalle de Sciencias Naturales and the Centro Internacional de Ecologia Tropical in Venezuela.The Cariaco Basin is a 1,400-m deep depression located on the Venezuelan continental margin in the southeastern Caribbean Sea, openly connected to the surface tropical Atlantic Ocean above a shallow (~140 m) sill. Because of slow turnover, decomposition of sinking material leads to anoxia below about 250 m. These conditions preserve an excellent sediment record that is used by the international community to study Holocene and late Pleistocene changes in climate. Understanding processes that affect the sinking material is the key to understanding the "biological carbon pump" that transfers materials from the surface ocean to the bottom, and to understanding the ocean?s role in past, present, and future climate. In this regard, CARIACO aids in the interpretation of the climate history preserved in this sediment record. The CARIACO program also seeks to educate the public about this relationship.Intellectual merit: The scientific program is guided by the following hypotheses: (1) The sinking flux of particulate matter contains a record of event- to interannual-scale changes in upper ocean conditions, including upwelling, ventilation, productivity, and terrigenous input events. (2) Changes in nutrient availability results in ecosystem shifts that are preserved in the chemistry and amount of sinking particles. (3) Temporal changes in the hydrography of the basin are directly related to regional wind variability, the passage of Caribbean Sea eddies near the sill, and circulation changes in the Atlantic Ocean. (4) Bacterial production and carbon decomposition near the oxic-anoxic transition zone are controlled by lateral transport of dissolved oxygen at mid-depth (ventilation events). (5) Chemoautotrophic bacteria near the oxic-anoxic transition zone alter the composition and amount of the vertical particulate flux and the dissolved organic matter concentration.CARIACO generates observations used to assess variability in lateral transport and upwelling, forcing and variations in water column chemistry, phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria community composition, variations in primary productivity and bacterial production (chemoautotrophic and heterotrophic), and resulting changes in water column chemistry and the composition and quantity of particulate flux sinking to the bottom. This program uses intensive traditional oceanographic and meteorological techniques, as well as modern tools including satellite and molecular observations.Broader impacts: CARIACO addresses some of the highest priorities identified in the U.S. government's Ocean Research Priorities Plan and Implementation Strategy and the Strategic Plan for the U.S. Climate Change Science Program. The uninterrupted, long-term tropical record is of value to investigations of the relationship between climate change and large-scale ocean biogeochemistry. Many scientists believe the tropics play a pivotal role in these basin-wide processes on a variety of time scales including those relevant to society. CARIACO measurements will also help understand processes that affect regional fisheries and catastrophic weather patterns. CARIACO has established a policy of open sharing of data, samples, and infrastructure, to facilitate the conduct of broader studies or of process studies in the Cariaco Basin by third parties. This project brings together an international workforce of physical, chemical, geological and biological oceanographers. It has technology transfer and human resource development impacts, providing an opportunity for scientists, technicians and students from Latin America to participate in logistics planning, fieldwork, data analysis, and joint publications that address issues of local and global relevance. These exchanges also have an important educational impact on U.S. students including minorities. The Venezuelan government considers CARIACO among their most important oceanographic research programs, and will continue significant funding to local participants.

该奖项将提供资金，以继续运营1995年11月在Cari​​aco盆地10º30'n，64º40'40'40'40'的Cariaco盆地开始运营五年。 Cariaco（在彩色海洋中保留碳）是国家科学基金会（NSF）支持的三个海洋生物地球化学时间系列。时间序列通过继续收集一组经过精心挑选的生物学，化学，地质和物理测量值来理解影响颗粒下沉到Cariaco盆地底部的海洋过程的科学目标。这项工作的一个关键目的是通过维护Cariaco盆地的观察员设施来服务海洋碳和生物地球化学（OCB）和古气候研究社区。该设施允许研究跨越季节性，年际和婚礼时间尺度的临时变异性和趋势，提供了一组核心观察和样本，可以与社区共享，并可以访问这种独特的海洋学设置。 Cariaco是由NSF（马萨诸塞大学的达特茅斯大学，斯托尼·布鲁克大学，斯托尼·布鲁克大学和南卡罗来纳大学哥伦比亚大学）支持的美国三家机构的科学家的共同研究，与资助基金会与基西亚斯·德·斯科西亚斯的基金会合作。委内瑞拉在加勒比海东南部的委内瑞拉持续边缘公开连接到浅层（〜140 m）斜纹台地上方的热带大西洋。由于周转速度缓慢，沉没材料的分解导致缺氧低于250 m。这些条件保留了出色的沉积物记录，国际社会将其用于研究全新世和晚更新世的气候变化。了解影响沉没材料的过程是了解将材料从地面海洋转移到底部的“生物碳泵”的关键，并了解过去，现在和未来气候的海洋作用。在这方面，Cariaco有助于解释该沉积物记录中保存的气候历史。 Cariaco计划还试图教育公众有关这种关系的教育。智能优点：科学计划以以下假设为指导：（1）特定物质的下沉通量包含事件的记录 - 上海上条件的年度范围变化，包括上流，频道，频道，生产力，生产力，生产力，田格式输入事件。 （2）养分可用性的变化会导致生态系统变化保存在化学和下沉颗粒的数量中。 （3）盆地水文的时间变化与区域风变异性，窗台附近的加勒比海涡流的通过以及大西洋的循环变化有关。 （4）在深度（通风事件）附近的氧气附近的细菌生产和碳分解。 (5) Chemoautotrophic bacteria near the oxy-anoxic transition zone alter the composition and amount of the vertical particulate flux and the dissolved organic matter concentration.CARIACO generates observations used to Assess variability in lateral transport and upwelling, forcing and variations in water column chemistry, phytoplankton, zooplankton and bacteria community composition, variations in primary productivity and bacteria production （化学自由营养和异养），以及水柱化学的变化以及特定的通量下沉到底部的组成和数量。该计划使用密集的传统海洋学和气象技术，以及包括卫星和分子观察（包括卫星和分子观察）的现代工具。BOADER的影响：Cariaco解决了美国政府海洋研究优先计划和实施战略和美国气候变化科学计划战略计划中确定的一些最高优先级。不间断的长期热带记录对于对气候变化与大规模海洋生物地球化学之间关系的研究具有价值。许多科学家认为，热带地区在这些盆地范围的过程中在包括与社会相关的盆地的各种时间尺度上发挥了关键作用。 Cariaco测量还将有助于了解影响区域渔业和灾难性天气模式的过程。 Cariaco制定了一项公开共享数据，样本和基础设施的政策，以促进第三方在Cari​​aco盆地进行更广泛的研究或过程研究的进行。该项目汇集了物理，化学，地质和生物学海洋学家的国际劳动力。它具有技术转移和人力资源开发的影响，为来自拉丁美洲的科学家，技术和学生提供了一个机会，可以参与物流规划，现场工作，数据分析以及解决本地和全球相关性问题的共同出版物。这些交流还对包括少数民族在内的美国学生产生了重要的教育影响。委内瑞拉政府认为Cariaco是其最重要的海洋研究计划，并将继续向当地参与者提供大量资金。