Collaborative Research: The Cariaco Basin Oceanographic Time Series Program

合作研究：卡里亚科盆地海洋学时间序列计划

• 批准号: 0326268
• 负责人: Frank Muller-Karger
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of South Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-10-01 至 2010-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0326268&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Cariaco; Basin; Oceanographic

ABSTRACTOCE-0326268 / OCE-0326175 / OCE-0326313This project constitutes the continuation of the Cariaco Basin Oceanographic Time Series Program (CARIACO). The research team is composed of investigators from the University of South Florida, State University of New York at Stony Brook, and the University of South Carolina at Columbia in the United States and their Venezuelan colleagues at Fundacion La Salle, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Universidad de Oriente, Centro de Procesamiento de Imagenes, and CONICIT/FONACIT. CARIACO collects systematic oceanographic measurements at 10'30' N, 64'40' W in order to understand the relationships between changes in climate, hydrography, and sediment production and accumulation in the Cariaco Basin. Cariaco is a 1,400-m deep depression on the Venezuelan continental margin that is openly connected to the surface Atlantic Ocean above a shallow (~140 m) sill. Because turnover of basin waters is slow, decomposition of sinking material leads to permanent anoxia below about 275 m. An excellent sediment record that is widely used to study Holocene and late Pleistocene changes in climate is preserved in this natural sediment trap. In this context, the time series provides information on modern biogeochemical processes that will serve as a basis for accurately interpreting this sediment archive of climate change. Data collected under this program and results are publicly available via an Internet server (http://imars.usf.edu) upon passing quality control, within periods ranging from weeks to 24 months depending on the difficulty of processing an observation. Data, samples, and bunk space on cruises are also routinely made available upon request.Continuation of the CARIACO program is expected to yield (1) a time series of variability in upwelling of Subtropical Underwater in the Cariaco Basin, including lateral motion, and its impact on primary productivity and vertical flux of particulate matter; (2) the first direct calibration and concurrent cross-reference of various proxies of sea surface temperature (and therefore of paleotemperature) of the Cariaco Basin; (3) clarification of the relative importance of near-surface biological processes, lateral transport, and chemoautotrophy as sources of particulates, (4) an assessment of whether variability in particle flux is driven primarily by local winds or by regional oceanographic processes at the scale of the Tropical Atlantic, and (5) an evaluation of whether changes in nutrient availability or limitation result in major ecosystem regime shifts. This program will fully utilize available satellite observations and meteorological records for the region.CARIACO is an IGBP-LOICZ (Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone) program with objectives that are relevant to the "U.S. Carbon Cycle Science Plan" and the OCTET (Ocean Carbon Transport, Exchanges and Transformations) planning initiatives. In this sense, the time series will help elucidate the connection between ocean processes and phenomena like climate change, which operates on a variety of time scales including those relevant to society, and which many scientists think is intricately linked to the tropics. CARIACO measurements may also for example help understand processes that affect regional fisheries and catastrophic weather patterns.An important contribution is the infrastructure for third parties to establish complementary or independent interdisciplinary process studies in the Cariaco Basin. The impact of results from such studies combined with those from CARIACO will be much larger than those possible from individual studies.The time series program also has technology transfer and human resource development impact in Latin America. The program nurtures scientific cooperation with Venezuela, a country of strategic importance to the United States. The program has been maintained through a collaborative effort between the University of South Florida, University of South Carolina, Stony Brook University, Fundacion La Salle, Universidad Simon Bolivar, Universidad de Oriente, Centro de Procesamiento de Imagenes, and CONICIT/FONACIT, with the latter five institutions located in Venezuela. This has provided an opportunity for Venezuelan and other regional scientists to participate in logistics planning, fieldwork, data analysis, and joint publications within a large program, and to participate in a project that addresses issues of both local and global relevance.This program has significant educational impact on minority students in the U.S. and on students and scientists in the Caribbean and Latin America. The Venezuelan government considers CARIACO the most significant oceanographic research program ever conducted in Venezuela.

ABSTRACTOCE-0326268 / OCE-0326175 / OCE-0326313该项目是卡里亚科盆地海洋学时间序列计划 (CARIACO) 的延续。 该研究小组由来自美国南佛罗里达大学、纽约州立大学石溪分校和南卡罗来纳大学哥伦比亚分校的研究人员以及拉萨尔基金会、西蒙玻利瓦尔大学、德意志大学的委内瑞拉同事组成。 Oriente、Centro de Procesamiento de Imagenes 和 CONICIT/FONACIT。 CARIACO 在北纬 10'30'、西经 64'40' 处收集系统的海洋学测量结果，以便了解卡里亚科盆地气候、水文学以及沉积物产生和积累变化之间的关系。卡里亚科是委内瑞拉大陆边缘一个 1,400 米深的凹陷，在浅海（约 140 米）的岩台上方与大西洋表面公开相连。由于流域水域周转缓慢，沉降物质的分解导致约275 m 以下的永久缺氧。这个天然沉积物陷阱中保存了广泛用于研究全新世和晚更新世气候变化的优秀沉积物记录。在这种背景下，该时间序列提供了有关现代生物地球化学过程的信息，这些信息将作为准确解释气候变化沉积物档案的基础。根据该计划收集的数据和结果在通过质量控制后可通过互联网服务器 (http://imars.usf.edu) 公开，期限从几周到 24 个月不等，具体取决于处理观察的难度。邮轮上的数据、样本和铺位也会定期根据要求提供。CARIACO 计划的继续预计将产生 (1) 卡里亚科盆地亚热带水下上升流变化的时间序列，包括横向运动及其影响对初级生产力和颗粒物垂直通量的影响； (2) 对卡里亚科盆地海面温度（以及古温度）的各种代理进行首次直接校准和同时交叉参考； (3) 澄清近地表生物过程、横向传输和化能自养作为颗粒物来源的相对重要性，(4) 评估颗粒通量的变化是否主要由局地风驱动，还是由一定尺度的区域海洋过程驱动(5) 评估养分可用性或限制的变化是否会导致主要的生态系统状况发生变化。该计划将充分利用该地区现有的卫星观测和气象记录。CARIACO 是一个 IGBP-LOICZ（沿海地区陆地-海洋相互作用）计划，其目标与“美国碳循环科学计划”和 OCTET（海洋碳传输、交换和转化）规划举措。从这个意义上说，该时间序列将有助于阐明海洋过程与气候变化等现象之间的联系，气候变化在各种时间尺度上运行，包括与社会相关的时间尺度，许多科学家认为与热带地区有着错综复杂的联系。例如，CARIACO 测量还可以帮助了解影响区域渔业和灾难性天气模式的过程。一个重要贡献是第三方在卡里亚科盆地建立补充或独立的跨学科过程研究的基础设施。这些研究结果与 CARIACO 的研究结果相结合所产生的影响将远远大于单独研究的影响。时间序列计划还对拉丁美洲的技术转让和人力资源开发产生影响。该计划促进与委内瑞拉这个对美国具有战略重要性的国家的科学合作。该计划是通过南佛罗里达大学、南卡罗来纳大学、石溪大学、拉萨尔基金会、西蒙玻利瓦尔大学、东方大学、图像处理中心和 CONICIT/FONACIT 之间的合作维持的，后五个机构位于委内瑞拉。这为委内瑞拉和其他地区的科学家提供了一个机会，让他们能够参与大型项目中的物流规划、实地考察、数据分析和联合出版物，并参与解决当地和全球相关问题的项目。该项目具有重要意义对美国少数族裔学生以及加勒比和拉丁美洲的学生和科学家的教育影响。委内瑞拉政府认为 CARIACO 是委内瑞拉有史以来最重要的海洋学研究项目。