Trusting Strangers in the Sharing Economy

共享经济中信任陌生人

• 批准号: 1257138
• 负责人: Karen Cook
• 金额: $ 29.91万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1257138&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Trusting; Strangers; Sharing; Economy

SES-1257138Paolo ParigiKaren CookStanford UniversityThis project investigates whether individuals can be made more trusting of others through the use of technology. The investigators will recruit participants from on-line companies operating in the sharing economy, i.e., from websites where users share tools, hospitality, pet sitting, and car rides. The broad research hypothesis is that trusting strangers on-line makes individuals more trusting in general and that there are two key mechanisms for developing trust online: (1) the reputation systems that these websites develop to facilitate interactions, and (2) the individual social networks that create communities of users with similar levels of trust. The assumption on which this research rests is that trust can be engineered, i.e., that the amount of interpersonal trust we have toward others is not determined exclusively by cultural factors, societal norms or family upbringing.The investigators will conduct behavioral experiments and collect data on the participants in the study. The experiments will capture whether repeated, on-line interactions with strangers produce behavioral changes in the lives of the participants. Participants will be randomly assigned to two conditions and followed over time. In one condition, they will be playing against a simulated agent that will pose as a generic user, while in the other condition they will play against a simulated agent that will pose as a website member. By measuring differences in how participants play these games in the two conditions we will be able to assess changes in the evolution of their levels of trust toward others. A portion of the subjects recruited for these experiments will come from outside the United States. The study will be conducted in two countries, Romania and the Netherlands, because they represent societies with low and high levels of generalized trust, respectively. This will enable cross-cultural comparisons and an examination whether the mechanisms identified operate similarly under different cultural conditions, particularly in high and low trust societies. In addition to the behavioral experiments, the researchers will also analyze a number of sharing economy web-based communities. Broader ImpactThe research contributes to the sparse scholarly research to date on the mechanisms used to build trust where trust might not otherwise emerge because of weak or corrupt institutions or the prevalence of conditions that are not conducive to fostering trustworthy behavior. In general, this is also a problem for Internet-mediated interactions that must be resolved to gain the confidence of those who use this medium for exchanges or other forms of interaction. Furthermore, understanding the fundamental nature of these processes will be beneficial not only to society but also to those mandated to protect individuals from fraud and harm, as well as to those who hope to benefit in various ways from the capacity to connect people from very different walks of life and cultures. Research findings will contribute to a better understanding of whether such networks foster greater cultural understanding or a variety of other positive aims. Knowing how these types of network are formed, work, maintained and grow is very important for a well-functioning society, a growing economy, and effective governance.

SES-1257138Paolo ParigiKaren Cook斯坦福大学该项目调查是否可以通过使用技术使个人更加信任他人。调查人员将从共享经济运营的在线公司（即用户共享工具、招待、宠物看护和乘车的网站）招募参与者。广泛的研究假设是，信任网上的陌生人会使个人总体上更加信任，并且有两种建立在线信任的关键机制：（1）这些网站为促进互动而开发的声誉系统，以及（2）个人社交创建具有相似信任级别的用户社区的网络。这项研究的假设是信任是可以被设计的，即我们对他人的人际信任程度不仅仅取决于文化因素、社会规范或家庭教养。研究人员将进行行为实验并收集有关以下方面的数据：研究的参与者。这些实验将了解与陌生人重复的在线互动是否会对参与者的生活产生行为变化。参与者将被随机分配到两种条件并随时间推移进行跟踪。在一种情况下，他们将与冒充普通用户的模拟代理对战，而在另一种情况下，他们将与冒充网站成员的模拟代理对战。通过测量参与者在两种条件下玩这些游戏的差异，我们将能够评估他们对他人的信任程度演变的变化。这些实验招募的部分受试者将来自美国境外。这项研究将在罗马尼亚和荷兰这两个国家进行，因为它们分别代表普遍信任水平较低和较高的社会。这将能够进行跨文化比较，并检查所确定的机制在不同的文化条件下，特别是在高信任度和低信任度的社会中是否具有相似的运作方式。除了行为实验之外，研究人员还将分析一些共享经济网络社区。更广泛的影响这项研究为迄今为止关于建立信任的机制的学术研究做出了贡献，因为在这些机制中，由于机构薄弱或腐败，或者不利于培养可信行为的条件普遍存在，信任可能不会出现。一般来说，这也是以互联网为媒介的互动的一个问题，必须解决这个问题才能获得使用这种媒介进行交流或其他形式互动的人们的信任。此外，了解这些过程的基本性质不仅有利于社会，也有利于那些负责保护个人免受欺诈和伤害的人，以及那些希望通过将来自不同国家的人们联系起来的能力以各种方式受益的人。各行各业和文化。研究结果将有助于更好地了解此类网络是否能促进更大的文化理解或实现其他各种积极目标。 了解这些类型的网络是如何形成、运作、维护和发展的，对于社会的良好运转、经济的增长和有效的治理非常重要。