Trusting Strangers in the Sharing Economy

共享经济中信任陌生人

• 批准号: 1257138
• 负责人: Karen Cook
• 金额: $ 29.91万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-15 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1257138&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Trusting; Strangers; Sharing; Economy

SES-1257138Paolo ParigiKaren CookStanford UniversityThis project investigates whether individuals can be made more trusting of others through the use of technology. The investigators will recruit participants from on-line companies operating in the sharing economy, i.e., from websites where users share tools, hospitality, pet sitting, and car rides. The broad research hypothesis is that trusting strangers on-line makes individuals more trusting in general and that there are two key mechanisms for developing trust online: (1) the reputation systems that these websites develop to facilitate interactions, and (2) the individual social networks that create communities of users with similar levels of trust. The assumption on which this research rests is that trust can be engineered, i.e., that the amount of interpersonal trust we have toward others is not determined exclusively by cultural factors, societal norms or family upbringing.The investigators will conduct behavioral experiments and collect data on the participants in the study. The experiments will capture whether repeated, on-line interactions with strangers produce behavioral changes in the lives of the participants. Participants will be randomly assigned to two conditions and followed over time. In one condition, they will be playing against a simulated agent that will pose as a generic user, while in the other condition they will play against a simulated agent that will pose as a website member. By measuring differences in how participants play these games in the two conditions we will be able to assess changes in the evolution of their levels of trust toward others. A portion of the subjects recruited for these experiments will come from outside the United States. The study will be conducted in two countries, Romania and the Netherlands, because they represent societies with low and high levels of generalized trust, respectively. This will enable cross-cultural comparisons and an examination whether the mechanisms identified operate similarly under different cultural conditions, particularly in high and low trust societies. In addition to the behavioral experiments, the researchers will also analyze a number of sharing economy web-based communities. Broader ImpactThe research contributes to the sparse scholarly research to date on the mechanisms used to build trust where trust might not otherwise emerge because of weak or corrupt institutions or the prevalence of conditions that are not conducive to fostering trustworthy behavior. In general, this is also a problem for Internet-mediated interactions that must be resolved to gain the confidence of those who use this medium for exchanges or other forms of interaction. Furthermore, understanding the fundamental nature of these processes will be beneficial not only to society but also to those mandated to protect individuals from fraud and harm, as well as to those who hope to benefit in various ways from the capacity to connect people from very different walks of life and cultures. Research findings will contribute to a better understanding of whether such networks foster greater cultural understanding or a variety of other positive aims. Knowing how these types of network are formed, work, maintained and grow is very important for a well-functioning society, a growing economy, and effective governance.

SES-1257138PAOLO PARIGIKAREN COCKSTANFORD University本项目研究是否可以通过使用技术更能使个人更信任他人。调查人员将招募在共享经济中运营的在线公司的参与者，即来自用户共享工具，酒店，宠物坐姿和汽车乘车的网站。广泛的研究假设是，信任陌生人在线使个人更加信任，并且在线发展信任的两个关键机制：（1）这些网站发展以促进互动的声誉系统，以及（2）创建具有相似信任水平的用户社区的个别社交网络。这项研究所依据的假设是可以设计信任，即，我们对他人的人际信任的数量并非仅取决于文化因素，社会规范或家庭的成长。研究人员将进行行为实验并收集参与者的数据。实验将捕获是否反复与陌生人进行在线互动会导致参与者生活的行为变化。参与者将被随机分配到两个条件，并随着时间的推移。在一个条件下，他们将与模拟代理人进行比赛，该模拟代理将作为通用用户摆姿势，而在另一种情况下，他们将与模拟代理人进行比赛，该代理将作为网站成员构成。通过衡量参与者在两个条件下玩这些游戏的差异，我们将能够评估他们对他人信任水平的演变的变化。为这些实验招募的一部分受试者将来自美国以外。这项研究将在罗马尼亚和荷兰的两个国家进行，因为它们分别代表了低水平和高水平的普遍信任的社会。这将使跨文化比较和检查是否在不同的文化条件下，尤其是在高信任社会和低信托社会中类似地运作的机制。除了行为实验外，研究人员还将分析许多共享经济基于网络的社区。更广泛的影响，研究有助于迄今为止稀疏的学术研究对建立信任的机制的稀疏研究，因为由于机构疲软或腐败的机构或不利于促进信任行为的条件的流行，信任可能不会出现。通常，这对于必须解决的Internet介导的互动也是一个问题，以使那些使用这种媒介进行交流或其他形式的互动的人的信心。此外，了解这些过程的基本本质不仅对社会有益，而且对那些为保护个人免受欺诈和伤害的人以及希望以各种方式从各种各样的生活和文化中联系起来的能力。研究发现将有助于更好地理解此类网络是促进更大的文化理解还是其他各种积极的目标。 知道这些类型的网络是如何形成，工作，维护和发展的，对于功能齐全的社会，不断增长的经济和有效的治理非常重要。