NSF workshop: Drilling, sampling, and imaging the depths of the critical zone

NSF 研讨会：关键区域深度的钻孔、取样和成像

• 批准号: 1242284
• 负责人: Clifford Riebe
• 金额: $ 7.5万
• 依托单位: University of Wyoming
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-15 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1242284&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NSF; workshop; Drilling; sampling; imaging

Understanding the chemical, physical, and biological processes that modulate Earth's surface is important across a diverse range of problems, from assessing soil sustainability over human timescales, to understanding weathering-related feedbacks in Earth's longtermclimatic evolution. Increasingly, these problems are being tackled in exciting, crossdisciplinary studies of the "critical zone" (CZ). Although, the CZ is considered to extend to the lowest limits of freely circulating groundwater, most subsurface CZ research hasfocused on just the upper 1-2 m or so of weathered rock and soil in landscapes. Hence the deep CZ (i.e., anything that is too deep to readily access and sample by hand) represents a crucial frontier for advances in watershed hydrology, geobiology, geomorphology, soilscience, and low-temperature geochemistry. One of the hurdles in studying the deep CZ is depth itself; regolith, pore waters, and subsurface biota are difficult to characterize in situ because they are mostly buried at difficult-to-access depths. Tackling the challenge of deep CZ research will require coordinated investigations that exploit recent advances in drilling, sampling, monitoring and imaging of the subsurface.This award will support a workshop designed to develop a community-wide, crossdisciplinary consensus on how to overcome the traditional difficulties of deep CZ research. The workshop will bring together 45 people, including CZ researchers and near surface geophysicists, as well as engineers with experience in drilling, coring and borehole instrumentation. It exploits the chance alignment of: (i) an increasing need for advances in deep CZ research, voiced in a recent consensus of CZ scientists from aroundthe world; (ii) recent advances in near-surface geophysics, including improved techniques for imaging the deep CZ and interpreting geophysical properties in terms of CZ architecture; and (iii) recently renewed momentum behind establishing a formal programof continental scientific drilling in the US. To be effective, the workshop will need to bridge gaps, fostering productive new collaborations among scientists and engineers from diverse disciplines.

在各种各样的问题中，了解调节地球表面的化学，物理和生物过程非常重要，从评估人类时标的土壤可持续性到了解地球长期熟练演化中与风化相关的反馈。越来越多的问题正在对“关键区域”（CZ）的令人兴奋的跨学科研究解决。尽管CZ被认为扩展到自由循环的地下水的最低限制，但大多数地下CZ研究都在景观中仅在1-2 m左右的风化岩石和土壤上。因此，深CZ（即，任何太深而无法轻易访问和采样的任何东西）代表了流域水文学，地球生物学，地球学，土壤学和低温地球化学化学的关键边界。研究深CZ的障碍之一是深度本身。雷果石，孔隙水和地下生物群很难在原位表征，因为它们主要被埋在难以访问的深度处。应对深度CZ研究的挑战将需要协调调查，以利用地下的钻探，采样，监测和成像的最新进展。本奖将支持一个研讨会，旨在为如何克服如何克服深入CZ研究的传统困难。该研讨会将召集45人，包括CZ研究人员和近地面地球物理学家，以及具有钻孔，加油和钻孔仪器经验的工程师。它利用了以下偶然的一致性：（i）在CZ研究中越来越需要进步，这在最近来自世界各地的CZ科学家达成共识中表达出来； （ii）近地球物理学的最新进展，包括改进的技术，用于成像深CZ和用CZ结构来解释地球物理特性； （iii）最近在美国建立大陆科学钻探计划的正式计划之后，更新了动力。为了有效，研讨会将需要弥合差距，从而在不同学科的科学家和工程师之间促进富有成效的新合作。