RAPID: Systematic Quantification of River-bed Gravel Characteristics that Promote Salmon Spawning

RAPID：系统量化促进鲑鱼产卵的河床砾石特征

• 批准号: 0956289
• 负责人: Clifford Riebe
• 金额: $ 6.75万
• 依托单位: University of Wyoming
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0956289&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Systematic; Quantification; River; bed

Populations of Pacific salmon species have declined sharply in many rivers of the western US. Reversing these declines is a top priority and multimillion- dollar-per-year expense of many river restoration projects. To help restore salmon populations, managers often inject spawning-sized gravel into rivers. However, there is little quantitative understanding of how bed coarsening affects salmon spawning, and there little mechanistic basis concerning what the salmon actually need for spawning. Furthermore, there is little quantitative basis for determining where added gravel would be most suitable. The proposed project seeks to provide such a basis by systematically quantifying the upper, particle-size limits of spawning gravel for pink and chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and O.tshawytsha). The work is founded on a series of mechanistic hypotheses about the spawning suitability of natural gravels and it will explore these hypotheses quantitatively with new measurements of fish size, redd dimensions, flow velocity, and grainsize characteristics of the bed for spawning pink and chinook salmon, the smallest and largest of the Pacific salmon species. This project focuses on rivers where salmon returns are high and substrate is coarse: the Puyallup River system (Puget Sound), where pink salmon are expected to return in exceptionally high numbers in fall 2009, and the Trinity River (coastal California), where 2009 fall-run chinook salmon are expected to return in high numbers. Because the lead time to the peak of spawning is short, a rapid response field effort will capitalize on this coincidence of large runs of salmon in coarse reaches of river. Strong relationships are expected between fish size and largest particle moved and between redd building success and percent coverage of immovable particles.This project will contribute to increased efficiency of gravel augmentation projects and improve the long-term efficacy of many river restoration efforts. By promoting effective river restoration, this project may help improve the survival outlook for some of the threatened and endangered species of Pacific salmon. The project cultivates an ongoing collaboration between the academic investigator and members of the ecosystem restoration consulting industry.

在美国许多河流中，太平洋鲑鱼物种的种群急剧下降。逆转这些下降是许多河流修复项目的重中之重，每年数百万美元的费用。为了帮助恢复鲑鱼种群，经理经常将产卵大小的砾石注入河流。 但是，几乎没有定量了解床的变形如何影响鲑鱼产卵，而关于鲑鱼实际上需要的机械基础很少。此外，确定在哪里最合适的砾石几乎没有定量的基础。拟议的项目旨在通过系统地量化粉红色和奇努克鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus gorbuscha和o.tshawytsha）的产卵砾石的上部，粒度的上限极限来提供这种基础。这项工作建立在一系列关于天然砾石产卵的机理假设上，它将通过对鱼类大小，红色尺寸，流速，流速和晶格的新测量来定量探索这些假设，用于产卵粉红色和奇努克鲑鱼的特征，是太平洋三鲑鱼的最小和最大的。该项目的重点是鲑鱼回报较高且基材很粗糙的河流：Puyallup河系统（Puget Sound），预计粉红色鲑鱼在2009年秋季将以异常高的数量返回，而Trinity River（沿海加利福尼亚）（沿海加利福尼亚），2009年秋季阵营的Chinook Salmon预计将返回高数量。由于产卵峰值的交货时间很短，因此迅速的响应现场努力将利用大量鲑鱼在河流中的大量鲑鱼的巧合。预计鱼类大小与移动的最大颗粒之间以及REDD建筑成功与不动产颗粒的百分比之间的关系有很强的关系。该项目将有助于提高砾石增强项目的效率，并提高许多河流恢复工作的长期疗效。通过促进有效的河流修复，该项目可以帮助改善某些受威胁和濒危太平洋鲑鱼的生存前景。 该项目培养了学术研究员与生态系统恢复咨询行业的成员之间的持续合作。