Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Automation of Compliance: Techno-Legal Regulation in the United States Trucking Industry

博士论文研究：合规自动化：美国卡车运输行业的技术法律监管

• 批准号: 1228436
• 负责人: Kim Lane Scheppele
• 金额: $ 1.13万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1228436&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Automation; Compliance

Rules of all types are increasingly enforced by technological mechanisms; from code-based restrictions on sharing digital files, to red-light cameras at intersections, to software programs that monitor activity online. Technological enforcement regimes appeal to policymakers because machines enforce rules more perfectly than humans do; human enforcement is messier due to the discretion, incentives, and biases of both enforcers and enforcees. Technological rule enforcement, then, appears to close the gap between rule and practice by minimizing the human element and compelling compliance with a rule. This project explores how technological enforcement regimes may, in fact, relocate and reshape gaps between "on the books" rules and "on the ground" practices by creating new sites of social contestation, bringing new parties into negotiation with one another, and resituating stakeholders' interests.Using a combination of methods, including interviewing key stakeholders, analyzing documents in archives, and analyzing regulatory dockets, these dynamics are explored in the context of truck drivers' work time. For decades, truckers have kept track of their work hours, which are limited by federal regulations for safety reasons, using easily falsified paper logs. New regulations would mandate that drivers' time be automatically monitored by electronic devices integrated into trucks themselves, thus compelling drivers' compliance with timekeeping rules. This project examines the co-evolution of legal rules and technological capacities that shape enforcement practices, and the ways in which social relationships among employees, employers, and law enforcement are reconfigured when such systems are used.Drawing from scholarship in legal studies and organizational sociology, this project updates and reorients our understanding of regulation, enforcement, and discretion for the age of ubiquitous computing. The project contributes to broad social debates about the role of technological surveillance in legal rulemaking and in social life, and will be of interest to audiences in multiple academic disciplines, to policymakers, and to organizations.

所有类型的规则都通过技术机制越来越多地执行；从共享数字文件的基于代码的限制到交叉点处的红光摄像头，再到在线监视活动的软件程序。技术执法制度吸引了决策者，因为机器比人类更完美地执行规则；由于执行者和执行者的酌处权，激励措施和偏见，人类执法更加混乱。因此，技术规则执法似乎通过最大程度地限制人类因素并强制遵守规则来缩小规则和实践之间的差距。该项目探讨了技术执法制度实际上如何通过创建社会竞争的新站点，使新政党彼此进行谈判，并弥补利益相关者的兴趣，并通过访问了关键的利益，分析了档案，分析了档案，并分析了档案，如何使股份组合，分析了档案，并弥补了利益的兴趣。在卡车司机的工作时间。几十年来，卡车司机一直在跟踪他们的工作时间，由于安全原因，使用易于伪造的纸质日志受到联邦法规的限制。新法规将要求驱动程序的时间由集成到卡车本身的电子设备自动监控，从而迫使驱动程序遵守计时规则。该项目探讨了塑造执法实践的法律规则和技术能力的共同发展，以及在使用此类系统时重新配置员工，雇主和执法人员之间的社会关系。该项目有助于广泛的社会辩论，内容涉及技术监测在法律规则制定和社会生活中的作用，并将吸引多个学科，决策者和组织中的受众感兴趣。