Collaborative Research: Role of SCY2, a New Envelope Localized Translocase, in Plastid Biogenesis

合作研究：SCY2（一种新的包膜局部易位酶）在质体生物发生中的作用

• 批准号: 1158173
• 负责人: Donna Fernandez
• 金额: $ 46.19万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-01 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1158173&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Role; SCY2; New

INTELLECTUAL MERITMost of the energy on earth comes ultimately from the sun, and plant chloroplasts are critical cellular organelles because they allow plants to capture solar energy and convert this energy to sugars through the process of photosynthesis. Most of the proteins that perform these important tasks in chloroplasts are synthesized in the cytosol of the plant cell, are taken up into the chloroplast stromal compartment, and then have to be specifically targeted to one of five additional chloroplast compartments by translocases, enzymes that transport proteins across or into membrane bilayers. A central unanswered question regarding this intricate protein localization network is: What system(s) are responsible for targeting and integration of the translocase proteins? A Sec translocase was recently discovered that is localized to the inner envelope of the chloroplast. Mutations that disrupt this translocase result in death, suggesting a critically important role in chloroplast function. Preliminary results suggest that this system, designated Sec2, is the master translocase, responsible for the placement of all other translocase proteins into their correct chloroplast compartment. Sec2 will be further characterized through this project. Specific aims include identification of all the components of the system, characterization of the proteins targeted and translocated/integrated by Sec2, and the establishment of an assay system to investigate the requirements for energy, accessory factors, and targeting information for this translocase system. Successful completion of the research will result in increased insight into the pivotal role that this novel translocase may play in the biogenesis of the chloroplast. BROADER IMPACTSThis project will provide cross-training opportunities in genetics and biochemistry for young scientists at the undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate level. Project personnel will also learn valuable teaching and mentoring skills by supervising undergraduate students in hands-on research experiences. The plant lines that will be generated in this project will be valuable research tools and will be distributed to other laboratories interested in chloroplasts. Finally, because many vital metabolic and biosynthetic functions, including photosynthesis and synthesis of fatty acids, essential amino acids and vitamins, are centered in chloroplasts, the work may have practical applications as people seek to modify, optimize, or otherwise control these capacities.

智力价值地球上的大部分能量最终来自于太阳，植物叶绿体是至关重要的细胞器，因为它们使植物能够捕获太阳能并通过光合作用过程将这种能量转化为糖。 在叶绿体中执行这些重要任务的大多数蛋白质都是在植物细胞的细胞质中合成的，被吸收到叶绿体基质区室中，然后必须通过易位酶（转运酶）专门靶向另外五个叶绿体区室之一。蛋白质穿过或进入膜双层。 关于这个复杂的蛋白质定位网络的一个未解答的核心问题是：哪些系统负责定位和整合易位酶蛋白质？ 最近发现了一种位于叶绿体内膜的 Sec 易位酶。 破坏这种易位酶的突变会导致死亡，这表明它在叶绿体功能中起着至关重要的作用。初步结果表明，这个系统（称为 Sec2）是主转位酶，负责将所有其他转位酶蛋白放置到正确的叶绿体区室中。 Sec2 将通过该项目进一步表征。 具体目标包括鉴定系统的所有组件、表征 Sec2 靶向和易位/整合的蛋白质，以及建立测定系统来研究该易位酶系统对能量、辅助因素和靶向信息的需求。 该研究的成功完成将加深人们对这种新型转位酶在叶绿体生物发生中可能发挥的关键作用的了解。更广泛的影响该项目将为本科生、研究生和研究生级别的年轻科学家提供遗传学和生物化学方面的交叉培训机会。 项目人员还将通过指导本科生的实践研究经验来学习宝贵的教学和指导技能。 该项目中产生的植物系将成为有价值的研究工具，并将分发给对叶绿体感兴趣的其他实验室。 最后，由于许多重要的代谢和生物合成功能，包括光合作用和脂肪酸、必需氨基酸和维生素的合成，都集中在叶绿体中，因此当人们寻求修改、优化或以其他方式控制这些能力时，这项工作可能具有实际应用。