CNH: Collaborative Research: Direct and Indirect Coupling of Fisheries Through Economic, Regulatory, Environmental, and Ecological Linkages

CNH：合作研究：通过经济、监管、环境和生态联系实现渔业的直接和间接耦合

• 批准号: 1137367
• 负责人: Peter Jumars
• 金额: $ 3.03万
• 依托单位: University of Maine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1137367&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Collaborative; Research; Direct; Indirect

The productivity and resilience of fisheries are subject to a multitude of dynamic and interrelated influences that arise from complex coupling of fish populations with the natural and human systems of which they are a part. With few exceptions, fisheries currently are managed independently, ignoring important natural and human linkages among them. The biological productivity, sustainability, and consequently human benefits of complex fishery systems may be substantially increased if these linkages are better understood and if this understanding is applied to management. The American lobster (Homarus americanus), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and Northeast multispecies groundfish fisheries in the Gulf of Maine are of major ecological, economic, social, and cultural importance to the New England region. They are subject to an array of natural and human linkages that have not yet been systematically studied. This interdisciplinary research project will examine key natural and human linkages among these fisheries and integrate them into a quantitative framework, using numerical modeling to explore how improved understanding of complexity can improve sustainability and increase the flow of human benefits. An important component of the research is the translation of concepts and results into an educational program that will teach a new generation of students about the human and natural complexity of the Gulf of Maine ecosystem and create a sustained interest in marine science. The research is organized by themes. Theme 1 focuses on management of the coupled fishery system. Numerical models will be used to integrate research undertaken in themes 2,3, and 4 and to explore how information regarding interrelated natural and human processes can be used to improve management of these resources. Theme 2 will use econometric estimation and bioeconomic modeling to investigate the human connections between these fisheries that arise through movement of labor and capital between fisheries, regulatory interventions and markets for inputs and outputs, such as herring used as an input to lobster harvest. Theme 3 will synthesize and analyze existing data to characterize variability in transport and survival of early life stages to identify exogenous processes (especially climate-related processes) that drive variability in recruitment. Theme 4 will combine new field studies with analysis of existing data to examine the impact of natural and human-induced trophic interactions among lobster, herring, and groundfish on the population dynamics of these species. Theme 5 will focus on translating research findings into an interactive marine science education program, based at the Gulf of Maine Research Institute, which serves fifth and sixth graders throughout the state of Maine.The project will make important contributions to science by improving basic understanding of the dynamic interrelationships of physical, ecological, and human-economic processes that determine the productivity and variability of the Gulf of Maine lobster, herring, and groundfish fisheries. It also will help develop concepts, research methodologies, and models relevant to fishery systems around the world. There is general agreement on the need to take an ecosystem approach to managing fisheries, but little concrete progress has been made in doing so. This project will develop concepts and methodologies needed to implement an ecosystem approach to fishery management. The project brings together a team of researchers from a broad range of disciplines and will demonstrate the benefits of an integrated interdisciplinary approach to investigating natural-human systems. The research will develop new understanding and approaches for management of important Northeast U.S. fisheries. The new information and insights will be conveyed to fishery managers through seminars, participation in the management process, and publications. The research will be coordinated with an ongoing, interactive marine education activity. A broader goal of that education program is to increase the number of students pursuing education and informed careers in the sciences by generating interest and excitement about science at a critical age. The project also will provide training for graduate students and undergraduate assistants in quantitative, multidisciplinary approaches to the study and management of coupled natural-human systems. This project is supported by an award resulting from the NSF competition focusing on the Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems.

渔业的生产力和复原力受到鱼类种群与其所属的自然和人类系统的复杂耦合所产生的多种动态和相互关联的影响。 目前，除了极少数例外，渔业都是独立管理的，忽视了渔业之间重要的自然和人类联系。 如果更好地理解这些联系并将这种理解应用于管理，复杂渔业系统的生物生产力、可持续性以及由此带来的人类利益可能会大大增加。 缅因湾的美洲龙虾（Homarus americanus）、大西洋鲱鱼（Clupea harengus）和东北多种底栖鱼类渔业对新英格兰地区具有重要的生态、经济、社会和文化重要性。 它们受到一系列尚未得到系统研究的自然和人类联系的影响。 这个跨学科研究项目将研究这些渔业之间的关键自然和人类联系，并将其整合到一个定量框架中，利用数值模型探索如何提高对复杂性的理解，从而提高可持续性并增加人类利益的流动。 该研究的一个重要组成部分是将概念和结果转化为教育计划，该计划将向新一代学生传授缅因湾生态系统的人类和自然复杂性，并培养对海洋科学的持续兴趣。 研究按主题组织。 主题 1 侧重于耦合渔业系统的管理。将使用数值模型来整合主题 2、3 和 4 中进行的研究，并探索如何使用有关相互关联的自然和人类过程的信息来改进这些资源的管理。 主题 2 将使用计量经济学估计和生物经济模型来调查这些渔业之间的人类联系，这些联系是通过渔业之间的劳动力和资本流动、监管干预以及投入和产出市场（例如用作龙虾收获的投入的鲱鱼）而产生的。 主题 3 将综合和分析现有数据，以表征早期生命阶段运输和生存的变异性，以确定驱动招募变异性的外源过程（特别是与气候相关的过程）。 主题 4 将把新的实地研究与现有数据分析结合起来，研究龙虾、鲱鱼和底栖鱼类之间自然和人为引起的营养相互作用对这些物种种群动态的影响。 主题 5 将侧重于将研究成果转化为互动海洋科学教育项目，该项目设在缅因湾研究所，为缅因州各地的五年级和六年级学生提供服务。该项目将通过提高对海洋科学的基本了解，为科学做出重要贡献。物理、生态和人类经济过程的动态相互关系决定了缅因湾龙虾、鲱鱼和底层鱼类渔业的生产力和变异性。 它还将有助于开发与世界各地渔业系统相关的概念、研究方法和模型。 人们普遍认为需要采取生态系统方法来管理渔业，但在这方面几乎没有取得具体进展。 该项目将开发实施渔业管理生态系统方法所需的概念和方法。 该项目汇集了来自广泛学科的研究人员团队，并将展示综合跨学科方法研究自然人类系统的好处。 该研究将为美国东北部重要渔业的管理提供新的认识和方法。 新的信息和见解将通过研讨会、参与管理过程和出版物传达给渔业管理者。 该研究将与正在进行的互动海洋教育活动相协调。 该教育计划的更广泛目标是通过在关键年龄激发对科学的兴趣和兴奋，增加接受科学教育和从事科学职业的学生数量。 该项目还将为研究生和本科生助理提供定量、多学科方法的培训，以研究和管理自然-人类耦合系统。 该项目得到了 NSF 竞赛奖项的支持，该竞赛重点关注自然与人类系统耦合动力学。