NeTS: Large: Collaborative Research: Measuring and Modeling the Dynamics of IPv4 Address Exhaustion

NeTS：大型：协作研究：IPv4 地址耗尽动态的测量和建模

• 批准号: 1111699
• 负责人: Michael Bailey
• 金额: $ 119.99万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1111699&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NeTS; Large; Collaborative; Research; Measuring

Today's Internet has some 1.7 billion users, fosters an estimated $1.5 trillion in annual global economic benefits, and is widely agreed to offer a staggering array of societal benefits. The network sees enormous demand---on the order of 40 Tbps of inter-domain traffic and an annual growth rate of 44.5%. Remarkably, in spite of the Internet's importance and rapid growth, the core protocols that support its basic functions (i.e., addressing, naming, routing) have seen little fundamental change over time.However, the Internet is now in the midst of its first fundamentally disruptive modification: a phase transition imposing extensive changes throughout the network's vast set of components. On the 3rd of February, 2011 the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) allocated the five remaining blocks of IPv4 address space to the five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). This event was a watershed moment for the Internet, in that it represented the exhaustion of the Internet's pool of unallocated IPv4 addresses. While eliminating poor utilization of existing allocated IPv4 address space and application of techniques for IPv4 address re-use (i.e., Network to Address Translation (NAT) and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)) will likely provide short term relief, the eventual scarcity of this critical Internet resource will be a strong catalyst for change.This project seeks to validate the hypothesis that the scarcity of IPv4 addresses and accompanying solutions will have profound effects on the Internet and many of its vital properties, including heterogeneity, openness, security, scalability, reliability, availability, concurrency and transparency. This project's efforts to understand these impacts are divided into three broad areas: (i) studies of the dynamics by which IPv4 addresses are allocated and how these address resources are subsequently used, (ii) understanding the near-term coping mechanisms and transition technologies (e.g., carrier grade NAT, tunneling), and (iii) observing the adoption of longer-term solutions (i.e., the new version of the Internet Protocol, IPv6). To pursue the above goals this project has formed a cross-organizational team of researchers with a long history of scientific Internet measurement (University of Michigan, International Computer Science Institute). The project is bolstered by a substantial supporting team that includes ISPs (AT&T, Merit Networks, Inc.), Internet number resource registries (APNIC, ARIN, AFRINIC, RIPE NCC, and LACNIC), and infrastructure providers (Verisign, Packet Clearing House, Arbor Networks) who will provide access to massive, often unique data.Intellectual Merit: Such measurement---at-scale and across numerous core Internet protocols---presents not only a technical challenge in itself, but offers a once-in-a-generation opportunity to view massive, distributed systems under scarcity and transition. The behaviors observed will inform not only the development of global distributed systems, but also the sciences of network architecture and design, network protocols, and mobile networks. Specific areas of study in these domains potentially include: address transfers, address reclamation, address pollution, address allocation policies and allocation policy abuse, new address space topologies, addresses and identity, dynamic addressing, addressing and routing, addressing and mobility, transition strategies, adoption incentives, adoption tipping points, balkanization in transition, adoption measurement, negative adoption incentives.Broader Impact: For many the Internet has become a ubiquitous aspect of everyday life. A major impact of this work will be directly ensuring the availability and reliability of the Internet through instrumentation, data sharing, and problem diagnosis with operators and networks throughout the global network as it undergoes this singular phase in its functioning. Further, in the spirit of scientific exploration commensurate with this unique phenomenon and measurement, this project will make available the extensive data collected as a means to spur scientific research beyond the specific research of the project team. Finally, based on the observations and studies, this project will develop principles guiding the development of new, more resilient network architectures and protocols.

当今的互联网拥有约17亿用户，估计有1.5万亿美元的全球经济福利，并被广泛同意提供一系列惊人的社会利益。该网络看到了巨大的需求 - - 在40个TBP的域间流量和年增长率为44.5％。值得注意的是，尽管互联网的重要性和快速增长，但支持其基本功能的核心协议（即解决，命名，路由）几乎没有任何根本变化，随着时间的流逝，互联网现在正处于其首次颠覆性修改的中间：一种相结合的变化：一种相位转换在整个网络中构成了广泛的组合集合。在2011年2月3日，Internet分配了数字管理局（IANA）将IPv4地址空间的剩余五个块分配给了五个区域互联网注册表（RIRS）。这项活动是互联网的分水岭，因为它代表了互联网未分配的IPv4地址的耗尽。 While eliminating poor utilization of existing allocated IPv4 address space and application of techniques for IPv4 address re-use (i.e., Network to Address Translation (NAT) and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)) will likely provide short term relief, the eventual scarcity of this critical Internet resource will be a strong catalyst for change.This project seeks to validate the hypothesis that the scarcity of IPv4 addresses and accompanying解决方案将对互联网及其许多重要特性产生深远影响，包括异质性，开放性，安全性，可扩展性，可靠性，可用性，并发性和透明度。 This project's efforts to understand these impacts are divided into three broad areas: (i) studies of the dynamics by which IPv4 addresses are allocated and how these address resources are subsequently used, (ii) understanding the near-term coping mechanisms and transition technologies (e.g., carrier grade NAT, tunneling), and (iii) observing the adoption of longer-term solutions (i.e., the new version of the Internet Protocol, IPv6).为了实现上述目标，该项目组成了一个跨组织研究人员，具有悠久的科学互联网测量历史（密歇根大学，国际计算机科学学院）。 The project is bolstered by a substantial supporting team that includes ISPs (AT&T, Merit Networks, Inc.), Internet number resource registries (APNIC, ARIN, AFRINIC, RIPE NCC, and LACNIC), and infrastructure providers (Verisign, Packet Clearing House, Arbor Networks) who will provide access to massive, often unique data.Intellectual Merit: Such measurement---at-scale and across numerous core Internet协议本身不仅提出了技术挑战，而且还提供了一个一代的机会，可以在稀缺和过渡时查看大规模的分布式系统。观察到的行为不仅会为全局分布式系统的开发提供信息，还将为网络体系结构和设计，网络协议和移动网络的科学提供信息。这些领域中的特定研究领域可能包括：地址转移，填海，污染，解决分配政策和分配策略滥用，新的地址空间拓扑，地址和身份，解决，解决和路线的动态解决，解决和路线，过渡策略，过渡策略，采用激励点，采用互联网衡量，采用互联网，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用率，互动，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用，采用互联网，访问率，访问范围。日常生活中无处不在的方面。这项工作的主要影响将直接确保通过仪器，数据共享以及与全球网络的操作员和网络的问题诊断的互联网的可用性和可靠性，因为它在其功能方面经历了这一奇异阶段。此外，本着科学探索的精神与这种独特的现象和测量值相称，该项目将提供广泛的数据，作为刺激科学研究的手段，超出了项目团队的特定研究。最后，基于观察和研究，该项目将制定指导新的，更有弹性的网络体系结构和协议的开发原则。