Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Fuel Bed Ignition by Embers and Heated/Burning Particles

余烬和加热/燃烧颗粒燃料床点火的实验和理论研究

• 批准号: 1066520
• 负责人: Carlos Fernandez-Pello
• 金额: $ 27万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-05-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1066520&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; Theoretical; Investigation; Fuel; Bed

1066520Fernandez-Pello, Carlos According to US Fire Administration statistics 96,000 wildfires burned 9.9 million acres in 2006, greater than the entire area of Maryland and the DC metro area. In 2007, "outdoor and other" (primarily wildland) fires resulted in 45 deaths, 650 injuries, and $2.6 billion in property damage. Many wildland and wildland urban interface (WUI) fires are ignited by hot metal particles or embers generated by powerline interactions, hot work/welding, overheated catalytic converters, seized train brakes, and other sources of incandescent particles. Firebrand (ember) spotting is the primary vector for spread of wildland and WUI fires under dry, hot, and windy conditions that produce the most devastating fires. Spotting leads to rapid fire spread because embers are lofted by fire plumes and transported downwind to ignite secondary fires or structures remote from the flame front. Most structures destroyed during WUI fires are ignited by firebrands that penetrate vents or ignite roof construction, not direct flame impingement. Civilians and firefighters alike can become trapped between spot fires with no escape route; partly to blame is the difficulty associated with accurate prediction of spotting and its effect on fire spread.The conditions under which embers and heated particles can ignite a spot fire are not well understood. The work proposed here aims to develop the science needed to accurately predict the conditions leading to ignition of fuel beds by embers and heated particles. It is a combined experimental, analytical, and numerical modeling study of ignition of fuel beds by embers and heated particles. A small-scale wind tunnel will be used to experimentally investigate the ignition of both "laboratory" and "real world" fuel beds by woody embers/firebrands and heated, molten, or burning metal particles. Experiments will be used to predict ignition probability as a function of fuel bed and ember/heated particle properties and a physics-based numerical model of fuel bed ignition by embers and heated particles, will be developed. The information will then be incorporated in predictive models of wildland fire propagation.Intellectual merit: As a physical process, ignition of fuel beds by an ember or hot metal particle is one of the richest problems in fire and combustion science, incorporating solid and gas phase thermosciences processes. This project will unravel the controlling physics and chemistry, thereby developing significant new knowledge. The proposed work is transformational because it will, for the first time, provide a quantitative understanding of ignition of fuel beds by embers and hot particles grounded in rigorous experiment, theory, and numerical modeling. The experimental program will a detailed and well-controlled study into ignition of fuel beds by embers and heated particles conducted to date. Broader impacts: This work has practical applications that will translate into real-world economic and life safety benefits. The potential benefit to society of this work stems from its ability to reduce devastating fire losses when incorporated into predictive models and disaster planning as well as its potential to be used in protocols for preventative fuels treatments, development of smarter regulatory guidance and test standards for fire-safe construction, staging orderly evacuations, and efficient allocation of fire suppression resources during fire events. By reaching out to organizations that promulgate codes and standards such as the California Public Utilities Commission, ASTM E5, the International Code Council, and CalFire, it will be ensured that this research makes a real world impact.This research will be incorporated into the Combustion Processes course at UC Berkeley and undergraduate students will be invited to participate in the research. On average, four undergraduate students conduct research in Prof. Pello?s laboratory often from programs aimed to attract underrepresented minorities to engineering graduate education, such as NSF-LAMP. The results of this research will be broadly disseminated to enhance scientific and technological understanding through presentations at national and international conferences, conventional publication (peer-reviewed archival journal articles), and "Science 2.0" methods that involve electronically disseminating papers, reports, guides, data, simulation results, experimental data, photographs/videos, source code, executable files, and model output produced as part of this grant.

根据美国消防管理统计数据，卡洛斯的1066520 Fernandez-Pello在2006年烧毁了960万英亩的野火，大于马里兰州和DC都会区的整个地区。 2007年，“室外和其他”（主要是野外）大火导致45例死亡，650次伤害和26亿美元的财产损失。 许多野生世界和野外城市界面（WUI）火灾被热线颗粒或由电力线相互作用，热工作/焊接，过热的催化转化器，扣除的火车制动器以及其他白炽灯粒颗粒产生的热火金属颗粒或余烬点燃。火力（Ember）发现是在干燥，炎热和大风的条件下散布荒野和WUI大火的主要矢量，产生了最具破坏性的火灾。发现发现会导致快速射击，因为Embers被火羽伸出并向下运输，以点燃偏离火焰前端的二次火灾或结构。在WUI大火期间被摧毁的大多数结构都被穿透通风孔或点燃屋顶结构而不是直接火焰撞击的火焰点燃。平民和消防员都可能被困在没有逃生路线的地方大火之间。部分原因是与准确的斑点预测及其对火灾蔓延的影响相关的困难。余烬和加热的颗粒可能点燃了点火的条件。此处提出的工作旨在开发必要的科学，以准确预测导致余烬和加热颗粒燃料床点火的条件。它是一项结合的实验，分析和数值建模研究，对余烬和加热颗粒对燃料床的点火。小规模的风洞将用于实验研究木质灰烬/壁炉和加热，熔融或燃烧的金属颗粒的“实验室”和“现实世界”燃料床的点火。实验将用于预测点火概率，这是燃料床和灰烬/加热颗粒特性的函数，以及将开发出基于物理的燃油床点火和加热颗粒的燃料床点火的数值模型。然后，该信息将纳入野生火灾传播的预测模型中。智能优点：作为一个物理过程，灰金属或热金属粒子对燃料床的点火是火灾和燃烧科学中最丰富的问题​​之一，并结合了固体和气相相位的热速度过程。该项目将揭开控制物理和化学的影响，从而发展重​​要的新知识。所提出的工作是转变的，因为它将首次提供对余油床的点火的定量理解，并通过严格的实验，理论和数值建模为基础的热点和热颗粒。实验计划将对迄今为止进行的余烬和加热颗粒对燃油床的点火进行详细且控制良好的研究。更广泛的影响：这项工作具有实际应用，可以转化为现实世界的经济和生命安全益处。这项工作对社会的潜在利益源于其在预测模型和灾难计划中减少毁灭性火灾损失的能力，以及其在预防燃料治疗方案中使用的潜力，开发更智能的监管指南和防火施工的测试标准，进行有序撤离以及在事件期间进行火灾抑制资源的有效分配抑制资源。通过与颁布颁布的代码和标准的组织，例如加利福尼亚公共事业委员会，ASTM E5，国际密码委员会和Calfire，可以确保这项研究对现实世界产生影响。这项研究将纳入UC Berkeley和不足学生的燃烧过程中，并邀请了UC Berkeley学生参与研究。平均而言，四个本科生在佩洛教授的实验室中进行研究，经常是旨在吸引代表性不足的少数群体进入工程研究生教育的计划，例如NSF-LAMP。这项研究的结果将被广泛传播，以通过国家和国际会议的演讲，常规出版物（经过同行评审的档案期刊文章）以及“ Science 2.0”方法来增强科学和技术理解，这些方法涉及电子论文，报告，指南，数据，模拟结果，实验数据，照片，图表/profforce codm codm codpordibles，source codm codportibles，source codm codm code this copport this copport，code code code code copt of This code，以及该模型，以及该模型，以及该模型，以及该模型，以及该模型，以及该模型，以及该模型，以及该模型，以及该模型。