Collaborative Research, WSC-Category 2: Regional Climate Variability and Patterns of Urban Development - Impacts on the Urban Water Cycle and Nutrient Export

合作研究，WSC-类别 2：区域气候变化和城市发展模式 - 对城市水循环和养分输出的影响

• 批准号: 1058038
• 负责人: Claire Welty
• 金额: $ 155.11万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland Baltimore County
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2016-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1058038&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; WSC; Category; Regional

PI # 1: Welty, ClaireProposal Number: 1058038Institution: University of Maryland Baltimore CountyPI # 2: Smith, James A.Proposal Number: 1058027Institution: Princeton University PI # 3: Irwin, Elena G.Proposal Number: 1058059Institution: Ohio State UniversityPI # 4: Klaiber, H. AllenProposal Number: 1058064Institution: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park PI # 5: Towe, CharlesProposal Number: 1058101Institution: University of Maryland College ParkPI # 6: Groffman, Peter M.Proposal Number: 1058162Institution: Institute of Ecosystem StudiesPI # 7: Gold, ArthurProposal Number: 1058194Institution: University of Rhode IslandPI # 8: Kaushal, SujayProposal Number: 1058502Institution: University of Maryland College ParkIntellectual Merit:The goal of the proposed work is to evaluate the interactions between urban development patterns and the hydrologic cycle and its associated nutrient cycles, within the context of regional and local climate variability. The paradigm driving this research is that dynamic interactions between the natural and human components of the urbanizing landscape produce striking spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability in water storage and fluxes that are major determinants of water quantity and quality. Their specific objective is to create a modeling system capable of simulating the feedback relationships that control urban water sustainability.They propose to address the following research questions: (1) How do human locational choices, water-based ecosystem services, and regulatory policies affect the supply of land and pattern of development over time? (2) How do the changing composition and variability of urbanizing surfaces affect local and regional climate? (3) How do patterns of development (including the engineered water system) and climate variability affect fluxes, flow paths and storage of water and nitrogen in urban areas?The proposed work will integrate theories and models across the disciplines of hydrologic science, environmental engineering, biogeochemistry, and economics. Core elements include spatial modeling of urban development patterns and individual land use and location processes at parcel and neighborhood scales and for different policy scenarios; three-dimensional modeling of coupled surface water/groundwater and land surface-atmospheric systems at multiple scales (including consideration of the engineered water system), where development patterns are incorporated as input; and field work and modeling aimed at quantifying flow paths and fluxes of water and nitrogen in this system.They will use the Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER (http://beslter.org), as a platform for place-based research to carry out the proposed work. In doing so, they will take advantage of a 12-year database of hydrologic and chemical characterization data; high-resolution land-cover, land use, and socio-demographic information; and a high-density hydrologic observing system.Broader Impacts:This project will contribute to the education and professional development of over 20 undergraduate students, seven PhD students, and three post-doctoral associates at the partner institutions supported by the project. In addition, it is expected that data produced by this project can be used in dissertation research by a number of other graduate students affiliated with the BES LTER, whose expertise spans environmental engineering, hydrology, biogeochemistry, aquatic ecology, urban and environmental economics, and public policy. New modeling capabilities will enable us to broaden the scope of training and research opportunities provided to students at all levels. New instrumentation will contribute to the growth of infrastructure capabilities of the LTER as a resource for the scientific community.Their work involves frequent communications with local agency decision-makers involved with planning and implementing programs affecting land use and water resources, e.g., Baltimore City Department of Public Works, Baltimore County Department of Environmental Protection and Resource Management, Maryland Department of the Environment, and the EPA Chesapeake Bay Program. Modeling tools such as the ones proposed are very much needed to support decision-making associated with water resource management. The BES LTER has an active and extensive environmental education program working with Baltimore City and County school systems; data derived from LTER-related research projects in the Baltimore area, such as the one proposed will be used in this LTER-supported program.

PI＃1：Welty，Clairproposal编号：1058038 Institution：马里兰州巴尔的摩大学Countypi＃2：Smith，James A. propopal编号：1058027INSTTITITION：PRINCETON UNIXPACY PI＃3：IRWIN，ELENA，ELENA G.PROPOPALE编号：1058059Institution：1058059Institution：ohio Statepi：ohio cormemops ymumbers nevelmops kemsops kyserpir＃Klai＃4：Klai＃4：4：Klai＃4。 1058064机构：宾夕法尼亚州立大学公园PI＃5：Towe，CharlesPropoposal号编号：1058101INSTITITION：MARYLAND COLLEGS COLLEGS PARKPI＃6：GROFFMAN，PETER M.PROPOPALOPOLOPOLOPOLOPOSAL NUMBER编号：1058162institution：1058162 INSTTITION Islandpi＃8：Kaushal，SujayPropopals编号：1058502INANTITITION：马里兰州大学ParkIntlectual功绩：拟议工作的目的是评估城市发展模式与水文循环之间的相互作用及其相关的营养周期，在区域和地方气候变化的背景下。推动这项研究的范式是，城市化景观的自然和人类组成部分之间的动态相互作用产生了惊人的空间异质性，以及水存储中的时间变异性以及助焊剂的时间变化，这是水量和质量的主要决定因素。他们的具体目标是创建一个能够模拟控制城市水可持续性的反馈关系的建模系统。他们建议解决以下研究问题：（1）人类的位置选择，水基生态系统服务以及监管政策如何影响土地供应和随着时间的推移的发展方式？ （2）城市化表面的变化组成和变异性如何影响当地和区域气候？ （3）开发模式（包括工程水系统）和气候变化如何影响城市地区的通量，流道以及水和氮的存储？拟议的工作将整合整个水文科学，环境工程，生物地球化学和经济学的学科的理论和模型。核心要素包括城市发展模式的空间建模，以及在包裹和邻里规模的个人土地使用以及针对不同政策方案的位置过程；耦合的地表水/地下水和土地地表 - 大气系统在多个尺度上（包括考虑工程水系统）的三维模型，其中将开发模式纳入输入；以及旨在量化该系统中水和氮气的流动路径和通量的现场工作和建模。它们将使用巴尔的摩生态系统研究（http://beslter.org）作为基于位置研究的平台来进行拟议的工作。这样，他们将利用一个12年的水文和化学表征数据数据库。高分辨率的土地覆盖，土地使用和社会人口统计学信息； Boader的影响：该项目将有助于该项目支持的合作伙伴机构的20多名本科生，七个博士学位学生和三名博士后员工的教育和专业发展。此外，预计该项目产生的数据可以用于与BES LTER相关的许多其他研究生，他们的专业知识涵盖了环境工程，水文学，生物地球化学，水生生态学，城市和环境经济学以及公共政策。新的建模功能将使我们能够扩大为各级学生提供的培训和研究机会的范围。新的仪器将有助于洛杉矶作为科学界的资源的基础设施能力的增长。他们的工作涉及与当地机构的决策者进行频繁的沟通，这些决策者参与计划和实施影响土地使用和水资源的计划，例如巴尔的摩市公共工程部，巴尔的摩县环境保护和资源管理部，马里兰州环境部，EPA和EPA，CHESAP，BALTIMORE县环境保护和资源管理部。建模工具（例如提议的工具）非常需要支持与水资源管理相关的决策。 BES LTER具有与巴尔的摩市和县学校系统一起工作的积极而广泛的环境教育计划；从巴尔的摩地区的lter相关研究项目中得出的数据，例如提议的数据，将在此lter支持的计划中使用。