RAPID-Attachment of crude oil and washability of sand beaches and marsh lands: effects of berms and dispersants

原油的快速附着以及沙滩和沼泽地的可洗性：护堤和分散剂的影响

• 批准号: 1052697
• 负责人: Ponisseril Somasundaran
• 金额: $ 5.04万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1052697&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Attachment; crude; oil; washability

1052697SomasundaranThe investigators will evaluate greener, nano-scale, bio-surfactants based solutions to the problems of spreading of oil and cleaning of the spill from the shore and Marsh lands. Oil soaked in beach sands and marsh lands has already affected the ecosystem dramatically. Besides, the issues persist for several years and environmentally benign solutions are still lacking. Thus an urgent need is to develop greener solutions to preserve the ecosystem. Our approach will be utilization of bio-surfactants to study the solubilization of crude droplets without the influence of shear. It is also important to remove the solubilized oil from beach sands and marsh lands with minimum disturbance to the areas. First, to model the removal of oil from beach sand in a laboratory set up, the work will include quantifying coalescence, reaction and transport in several multiphase systems in transparent porous media pack. Furthermore we will treat beach sand with bio-surfactants followed by separation of oil using flotation or hydrocyclones. Second, solubilized oil in marsh lands can be treated to form a separate phase over water and be removed. To explore this idea, the investigators will determine rheological properties of oil solubilized using biopolymers and also by manipulating conditions such as pH, and salinity to obtain desired separation. For long term solution, the PIs will explore microbial-oil interactions to degrade oil. Though all the above mentioned procedures are applicable, the oil has formed a thick layer and cruds in and around the water in Marsh lands. The PIs will evaluate technologies to mechanically remove such oil by various techniques as flotation and using hydrophobic fibers.Intellectual Merit: The project will provide fundamental understanding of the structure-property relationships of various greener bio-surfactants in oil solubilization. Fundamental aspects will relate to spatial arrangement of functional groups, effect of carbon chain length and biodegradability of the greener surfactants. Further, the proposed study of transport through packed bed should yield fundamental insight into the mechanisms of attachment and resultant changes in wettability on the flow of the oil through complex porous systems.Broader Impact: With growing global concern over the toxicity and poor biodegradability of surfactants/polymers used in of industries, recent focus has been on application of greener bio-surfactants/biopolymers. Various sectors interested in such greener reagents range from mineral processing, alternative energy, personal care, food industries, and petroleum industries. The research findings on structure property evaluation should provide valuable insight in evaluating reagents for their greenness based on the structure of the molecules. The multidisciplinary subject of the proposed research will attract talented students from diverse groups.

1052697Somasundaranthe研究人员将评估基于纳米级的纳米级，基于生物表面活性剂的解决方案，以解决散布石油和从海岸和沼泽土地上溢出的问题。在沙滩和沼泽地中浸泡的石油已经极大地影响了生态系统。此外，这些问题持续了几年，并且仍然缺乏环境良性的解决方案。因此，迫切需要是开发更绿色的解决方案来保护生态系统。我们的方法将是利用生物表面活性剂来研究没有剪切作用的粗滴的溶解化。从海滩沙滩和沼泽土地上除去溶解的油也很重要，对该地区的干扰最少。首先，为了建模实验室设置中的海滩砂清除油，这项工作将包括在透明多孔介质包中的几种多相系统中量化聚结，反应和运输。此外，我们将使用生物表面活性剂处理海滩砂，然后使用浮选或氢气循环分离油。其次，可以处理沼泽地中的溶解油，以在水上形成一个单独的相位并去除。为了探讨这一想法，研究人员将确定使用生物聚合物以及操纵pH和盐度等条件的油溶液的流变特性，以获得所需的分离。对于长期解决方案，PI将探索微生物油的相互作用以降解油。尽管上述所有提到的程序都是适用的，但该油在沼泽地的水中和周围形成了厚厚的层和泥土。 PI将评估技术通过浮选和使用疏水纤维等各种技术机械去除油。IntellectualFure：该项目将提供对油溶解化中各种较绿色生物表面活性剂的结构 - 培训关系的基本了解。基本方面将与官能团的空间排列，碳链长度的效果和绿色表面活性剂的生物降解性有关。 Further, the proposed study of transport through packed bed should yield fundamental insight into the mechanisms of attachment and resultant changes in wettability on the flow of the oil through complex porous systems.Broader Impact: With growing global concern over the toxicity and poor biodegradability of surfactants/polymers used in of industries, recent focus has been on application of greener bio-surfactants/biopolymers.对这种绿色试剂感兴趣的各个领域范围从矿物加工，替代能源，个人护理，食品工业和石油行业。关于结构财产评估的研究结果应根据分子的结构来评估其绿色试剂的有价值的见解。拟议研究的多学科主题将吸引来自不同群体的才华横溢的学生。