RAPID: Mass Spectral Characterization of the Water-Soluble Component of Crude Oil Released During Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

RAPID：深水地平线漏油过程中释放的原油水溶性成分的质谱表征

• 批准号: 1045811
• 负责人: Elizabeth Kujawinski
• 金额: $ 3.77万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-15 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1045811&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Mass; Spectral; Characterization; Water

The oil spill resulting from the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig has released an unprecedented amount of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The oil is entering the sea from the bottom and either settles into a neutrally-buoyant subsurface layer or transits to the surface. During expulsion from the primary leak, transport and weathering, water-soluble components of the crude oil are slowly dissolving into the seawater. The composition and reactivity of these components are poorly constrained but are critically important to predicting the possible impact of this spill on marine life and ecosystem dynamics in the Gulf of Mexico. With funding from this Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID), a research team at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution will use ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry to assess the composition of the water-soluble component of the leaking crude oil. The study will provide an initial assessment of compositional variability along temporal and spatial gradients near the active spill. The analytical capabilities of the Woods Hole team complement other planned analyses, and the results will be integrated with other chemical and biological data to provide a more complete analysis of the weathering and degradation of this oil spill. Broader Impacts: An undergraduate summer will be part of the team working on this project, affording the student an opportunity to be involved in timely research on an environmental disaster. In addition, it will provide the student with experience with cutting-edge analytical chemical techniques and their synthesis with other physical, chemical and biological data available through collaboration with other scientists who are already funded to conduct research on the environmental aspects of the oil spill.

深水地平线钻机爆炸造成的漏油事件已向墨西哥湾释放了前所未有的原油。油从底部进入大海，要么沉降到中性构成的地下层，要么转移到表面。在从主要泄漏，运输和风化中驱逐过程中，原油的水溶性成分正在慢慢溶解到海水中。这些成分的组成和反应性受到限制，但对于预测墨西哥湾海洋生物和生态系统动态的可能影响至关重要。借助这笔快速响应研究的资助（Rapid），伍兹孔海洋学机构的研究团队将使用超高的分辨率质谱法来评估泄漏原油的水溶性成分的组成。 这项研究将对沿着活动溢出附近的时间和空间梯度沿时间和空间梯度进行初步评估。 伍兹孔团队的分析能力补充了其他计划的分析，结果将与其他化学和生物学数据集成，以更完整地分析该油泄漏的风化和降解。更广泛的影响：本科夏季将成为该项目的团队的一部分，这为学生提供了有机会参与及时研究环境灾难的研究。此外，它将为学生提供具有最先进的分析化学技术的经验及其与其他物理，化学和生物学数据的合成，这是通过与已经资助的其他科学家一起提供的，这些科学家可以对石油溢油的环境方面进行研究。