RAPID: Collaborative Research: Off-shore coseismic effects of the Port au Prince earthquake, Haiti

RAPID：合作研究：海地太子港地震的近海同震效应

• 批准号: 1028045
• 负责人: Cecilia McHugh
• 金额: $ 15.81万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-15 至 2012-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1028045&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; Off; shore

In the aftermath of the catastrophic M7 earthquake in Haiti there is an urgent need to record aftershocks and capture ephemeral data that will help to assess both short term (immediate) and long term earthquake risk in the region. Reliable models of strain accumulation and seismogenic release along the fault zone are urgently needed. A U.S. team is already on the ground, installing additional seismometers and GPS stations and mapping features associated with the earthquake, and a French team is preparing to deploy a suite of ocean bottom seismometers offshore. The January 12 mainshock ruptured a relatively small segment of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone (EPGF), the southern of two parallel E-W sinistral transforms accommodating most of the motion between the North America and Caribbean plates. The EPGF follows the core of the southern peninsula and is associated with several large historic earthquakes, but its pre-1700?s paleoseismicity is unknown. A number of NW-SE faults and folds intersect the EPGF and may also be active. Many of these structures are unmapped, especially offshore, including a possible one in the Baie de Port au Prince. This survey of the offshore portion of the main rupture and of some of the secondary structures associated with it along the southern peninsula and the Baie de Port au Prince will complement those efforts by documenting the near surface effects of the earthquake offshore and characterizing the seismogenic structures. The survey will include shallow water (300 m) multibeam mapping, with coincident and targeted sidescan sonar, and chirp (0.5-12 kHz) sonar profiles, and spot coring. The principal broader impact of this study is its very high and immediate societal relevance.

海地发生 M7 级灾难性地震后，迫切需要记录余震并捕获短暂数据，这将有助于评估该地区的短期（即时）和长期地震风险。迫切需要沿着断裂带的应变积累和地震释放的可靠模型。美国团队已经在地面安装额外的地震仪和 GPS 站以及与地震相关的测绘功能，法国团队正准备在近海部署一套海底地震仪。 1 月 12 日的主震使恩里基洛-车前草花园断层带 (EPGF) 的一小部分破裂，该断层带是两条平行的东西向左旋变换的南部，容纳了北美和加勒比板块之间的大部分运动。 EPGF 沿着南部半岛的核心，与历史上的几次大地震有关，但其 1700 年前的古地震活动性尚不清楚。许多 NW-SE 断层和褶皱与 EPGF 相交，也可能很活跃。其中许多建筑物都没有在地图上绘制，特别是在海上，包括可能位于太子港湾的一处建筑物。这项对主要破裂的近海部分以及沿南部半岛和太子港湾与其相关的一些次要结构的调查将通过记录近海地震的近地表效应并描述发震结构的特征来补充这些努力。勘测将包括浅水 (300 m) 多波束测绘、重合和定向侧扫声纳、线性调频 (0.5-12 kHz) 声纳剖面以及点取芯。这项研究的主要更广泛影响是其非常高且直接的社会相关性。