RAPID: Collaborative Research: Off-shore coseismic effects of the Port au Prince earthquake, Haiti

RAPID：合作研究：海地太子港地震的近海同震效应

• 批准号: 1028045
• 负责人: Cecilia McHugh
• 金额: $ 15.81万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-03-15 至 2012-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1028045&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; Off; shore

In the aftermath of the catastrophic M7 earthquake in Haiti there is an urgent need to record aftershocks and capture ephemeral data that will help to assess both short term (immediate) and long term earthquake risk in the region. Reliable models of strain accumulation and seismogenic release along the fault zone are urgently needed. A U.S. team is already on the ground, installing additional seismometers and GPS stations and mapping features associated with the earthquake, and a French team is preparing to deploy a suite of ocean bottom seismometers offshore. The January 12 mainshock ruptured a relatively small segment of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone (EPGF), the southern of two parallel E-W sinistral transforms accommodating most of the motion between the North America and Caribbean plates. The EPGF follows the core of the southern peninsula and is associated with several large historic earthquakes, but its pre-1700?s paleoseismicity is unknown. A number of NW-SE faults and folds intersect the EPGF and may also be active. Many of these structures are unmapped, especially offshore, including a possible one in the Baie de Port au Prince. This survey of the offshore portion of the main rupture and of some of the secondary structures associated with it along the southern peninsula and the Baie de Port au Prince will complement those efforts by documenting the near surface effects of the earthquake offshore and characterizing the seismogenic structures. The survey will include shallow water (300 m) multibeam mapping, with coincident and targeted sidescan sonar, and chirp (0.5-12 kHz) sonar profiles, and spot coring. The principal broader impact of this study is its very high and immediate societal relevance.

在海地发生灾难性的M7地震后，迫切需要记录余震并捕获短暂的数据，这将有助于评估该地区的短期（立即）和长期地震风险。迫切需要沿断层区域的应变积累和地震释放的可靠模型。一支美国团队已经在地面上，安装了与地震相关的其他地震仪和GPS站以及映射功能，法国团队正准备部署一套海洋底部地震仪的近海。 1月12日的Mainshock破裂了Enriquillo-plantain花园断层区（EPGF）的相对较小的部分，这是两个平行的E-W Sinistral的南部，可容纳北美和加勒比海盘之间的大部分运动。 EPGF遵循南部半岛的核心，与几次大型历史地震有关，但其1700年前的古sissicities尚不清楚。许多NW-SE故障和折叠与EPGF相交，并且也可能是活跃的。这些结构中的许多是未覆盖的，尤其是海上，包括在拜港王子中的一个结构。这项对主要破裂的海上部分以及与南部半岛沿线相关的某些二级结构和贝伊特港王子王子相关的调查将通过记录地震海上的近地表面影响并表征地震原状结构的近表面影响来补充这些努力。该调查将包括浅水（300 m）多束映射，带有重合和有针对性的侧can声纳，以及Chirp（0.5-12 kHz）声纳轮廓和点芯。这项研究的主要广泛影响是其很高和直接的社会意义。