Nuclear, Particle, and Weak Interaction Physics of the Big Bang and Steller Collapse

大爆炸和斯特勒塌陷的核、粒子和弱相互作用物理学

• 批准号: 0970064
• 负责人: George Fuller
• 金额: $ 52.32万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0970064&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Nuclear; Particle; Weak; Interaction; Physics

Nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics stand at the intersection point of two of the most exciting recent developments in science: (1) the experimentally-driven revolution in neutrino physics; and (2) the startling recent advances in the capabilities of observational astronomy, especially in cosmology. The chief research objective of the supported work is to exploit this intersection, leveraging new developments in astronomy and astrophysics to probe fundamental neutrino and nuclear physics issues not easily explored in the lab, and vice-versa, using new insights in nuclear and neutrino physics to better understand the cosmos. For example, one key objective of the proposed work is to calculate how neutrinos change from one kind to another in the dense environment of a supernova and in the very early universe, and what this process might mean for the synthesis of the elements. Another objective is to use what we know about how the light nuclei are formed in the first seconds of the universe, together with results of observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation, to probe unmeasured neutrino properties, e.g., the neutrino rest mass. That this work will have the potential to fuel developments in two seemingly disjoint fields, with nuclear physics as the essential fulcrum, is one obvious broader impact. Another is that this project should serve as an excellent training ground for graduate students. Likewise, the Quarks-to-Cosmos Summer School and the UCSD Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences outreach efforts will convey the excitement of nuclear astrophysics to young people, from new postdocs and graduate students to undergraduates to secondary school students at a variety of institutions.

核物理学和核天体物理学位于科学最令人兴奋的两个最令人兴奋的发展的交叉点：（1）中微子物理学实验驱动的革命； （2）观察天文学的能力，尤其是宇宙学的最新进展。 支持工作的主要研究目标是利用这一交叉路口，利用天文学和天体物理学的新发展来探测实验室中不容易探索的基本中微子和核物理问题，而反之亦然，对核和中微子物理学的新见解来更好地理解宇宙。 例如，拟议工作的一个关键目标是计算中微子在超新星的密集环境和早期宇宙中如何从一种变化到另一种的中微子，这对于元素的综合可能意味着什么。 另一个目的是利用我们对宇宙第一秒内如何形成光核的知识，以及观察到宇宙微波背景辐射的结果，以探测未衡量的中微子特性，例如中性中微子静息质量。 这项工作将有可能在两个看似不相交的领域中加剧发展，而核物理是必不可少的支点，这是一个明显的广泛影响。 另一个是该项目应该为研究生提供出色的培训场。 同样，夸克到科斯莫斯暑期学校和UCSD的天体物理学和太空科学中心的外展工作将把核天体物理学的兴奋传达给年轻人，从新的博士学生和研究生到本科生到各种机构的中学生。