Collaborative Research: SNEWS: The SuperNova Early Warning System

合作研究：SNEWS：SuperNova 早期预警系统

• 批准号: 0969085
• 负责人: Alec Habig
• 金额: $ 4.11万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota Duluth
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-01 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0969085&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; SNEWS; SuperNova; Early

World-wide, several currently running detectors are sensitive to a prompt core collapse supernova neutrino signal in the Galaxy. The Supernova Neutrino Early Warning System (SNEWS) system will provide a high-confidence early warning of a supernovas occurrence to the astronomical community using a coincidence of neutrino signals from these detectors. This alert exploits the prompt neutrino signal's several-hour lead time over the shock breakout which produces the first optical signs of the explosion. The SNEWS alert may also be able to serve as a trigger for detectors (e.g. gravitational wave detectors) which might not able to trigger on a supernova signal by themselves, allowing extra data to be saved. Early warning of an impending galactic supernova will maximize the chances of very early electromagnetic observations of a nearby supernova, a previously unobserved phenomenon. In addition, the SNEWS collaboration aims to optimize global sensitivity to supernova neutrinos via such activities as downtime coordination amongst the participating neutrino experiments. SNEWS has been operational since 1998, and has been running in a fully-automated mode since 2005 with near-100% up-time. This award will provide funds to maintain preparedness for a supernova and to further expand connections to the astronomical community.Broader Impacts: SNEWS provides tremendous educational and outreach opportunities. It has an excellent track record of involving undergraduate and graduate physics students in the project. Additionally and very importantly, the amateur astronomer community is an integral part of the early warning system. Amateur astronomers are skilled and enthusiastic, have wide angle viewing capabilities and are widespread around the globe. The prompt pointing information from the neutrino signal may well be insufficient to guide larger telescopes, and it is not unlikely that the location of a supernova will be first pinpointed by an amateur. Few programs offer to the general public the chance of making a really significant contribution to science, as SNEWS does.

在全球范围内，目前有几个运行探测器对银河系中的迅速核心塌陷超新星中微子信号很敏感。超新星中微子预警系统（SNEWS）系统将使用这些探测器的中微子信号巧合向天文学群落提供高信心的预警。该警报利用了迅速中微子信号在冲击突破中的几个小时的提前时间，这产生了爆炸的第一个光学标志。 STEWS警报还可以作为检测器的触发器（例如重力波检测器），该检测器可能无法自行触发超新星信号，从而可以保存额外的数据。预警即将来临的银河系超新星将最大程度地提高附近超新星的早期电磁观察的机会，这是一种以前未观察到的现象。此外，STEWS合作旨在通过诸如参与中微子实验之间的停机时间协调的活动来优化对超新星中微子的全球敏感性。 Snews自1998年以来一直在运营，自2005年以来一直处于完全自动化的模式下，其正常运行时间接近100％。该奖项将提供资金，以维持超新星的准备，并进一步扩大与天文学界的联系。Boader的影响：Snews提供了巨大的教育和外展机会。它具有涉及本科生和研究生物理专业学生的出色记录。此外，非常重要的是，业余天文学家社区是预警系统不可或缺的一部分。业余天文学家是熟练和热情的，具有广角观察能力，并且在全球范围内广泛。来自中微子信号的及时指向信息很可能不足以指导较大的望远镜，并且不太可能首先通过业余爱好者确定超新星的位置。像Snews一样，很少有计划向公众提供对科学做出重要贡献的机会。